Mechanism by which AtFTCD-L is Involved in the Root Response to Soil Compaction

doi:10.11983/CBB24154

Abstract

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Plant roots respond to various abiotic stresses, including drought stress, heavy metal stress, salt stress, and deficiencies in essential nutrients, during their growth and development. Among these factors, soil structure, especially soil compaction, significantly affects root growth and morphology, ultimately influencing crop yield. RATIONALE: The Golgi apparatus plays a role in root growth and responds to abiotic stress through vesicle secretion. However, the mechanisms by which the Golgi apparatus contributes to the response of the root system to soil compaction remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that AtFTCD-L in Arabidopsis is located on the trans-Golgi network (TGN) opposite the Golgi apparatus, and plays a role in vesicle sorting and/or secretion regulation of mucin components in the peripheral cells of the root cap. RESULTS: Compared with those of the wild type, the root tips and root tip cells of the ftcd mutant are shorter in the longitudinal direction, but wider in the transverse direction, indicating abnormal cell morphology. Analysis of fluorescent signals from PIN-GFP plants revealed that PIN7 was either not expressed or expressed at very low levels in mutants. This study provides theoretical insights into the adaptive mechanisms of plant roots in response to abiotic stress induced by soil compaction. CONCLUSION: In summary, AtFTCD-L responds to soil compaction in the roots of Arabidopsis by regulating the distribution or expression of PIN7.
Phenotypic differences in the effects of soil compaction on AtFTCD-L (WT)-, and mutant (ftcd)-mediated PIN7 regulation of root cell growth. The growth phenotypes of the root tips of the Arabidopsis lines on the 7^th day.

Key words: AtFTCD-L, compaction, root tip, Arabidopsis thaliana, PIN7

Yuhan Liu, Qijiang Cao, Shihan Zhang, Yihui Li, Jing Wang, Xiaomeng Tan, Xiaoru Liu, Xianling Wang. Mechanism by which AtFTCD-L is Involved in the Root Response to Soil Compaction[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(4): 551-561.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB24154

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2025/V60/I4/551

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Primer sequences for qRT-PCR

Gene name	Forward primer (5′-3′)	Reverse primer (5′-3′)
AtActin 8	ATTGTGTTGGACTCTGGTGAT	CTGCTGGAAAGTG- CTGAGGG
At2g20830 (AtFTCD-L)	ATGAGGCAGACCGTTGCT	GTTGGGTCCTTCTTGT

Figure1 Expression patterns of AtFTCD-L in Arabidopsis thaliana (A) Seed germination; (B) Root; (C) Leaf; (D) Flower; (E) Seed; (F) Silique; (G) Seed and silique. SAM: Shoot apical meristem. The numbers in (A), (D), (F) indicate different development stages.

Figure 2 Expression of AtFTCD-L in Arabidopsis thaliana root tip in 1/2MS media and gradient agar media (A) GUS histological staining of the root tips of A. thaliana in 1/2MS media and gradient agar media; (B) Expression of AtFTCD-L in the roots of A. thaliana. **, and *** indicate significant differences at the 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively. Bars=20 μm

Figure 3 Root growth phenotypes and statistical analysis of the wild type (WT), mutant, overexpression (OE) and complementary (Comp) lines of Arabidopsis thaliana in gradient agar media (A) Root growth of the WT, mutant and complementary lines; (B) Statistical results of 7-day root length for figure (A); (C) Root growth of the WT and OE lines; (D) Statistical result of 7-day root length for figure (C). * P<0.05; ** P<0.01. Bars=5 mm

Figure 4 Comparison of the cell morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips between the mutant and wild-type (WT) plants in high-compactness resistance media (A) Root growth of the mutant and WT lines in gradient agar media; (B) Statistical results of apical width of the root tip cells on the 7th day in figure (A); (C) Cell morphology of the root tips for mutant and WT in high-compactness resistance media (3%); (D) Statistical results of the root tip cell length of the mutant and WT plants on the 7th day in figure (A). * P<0.05. Bars=20 μm

Figure 5 Growth of the wild type (WT), mutant, and complementary (Comp) plants crossed with the PIN7-GFP marker line in compactness resistance medium Bar=5 mm

Figure 6 Growth of the wild type (WT) and mutant plants crossed with PIN1/3- and DR5-GFP marker lines in 1/2MS medium (A) Images of the WT and ftcd mutant plants crossed with PIN1 under fluorescence and bright field; (B) Images of the WT and ftcd mutant plants crossed with PIN3 under fluorescence and bright field; (C) Images of the WT and ftcd mutant plants crossed with DR5 under fluorescence and bright field. Bars=20 μm

Figure 7 Distribution of PIN7 tagged with GFP in the mutant and wild type (WT) plants (A)-(D) Fluorescence distribution and expression of PIN7-GFP in the mutant and WT plants (A and C for mutant, B and D for WT); (E), (F) FM4-64 in the mutant (E) and WT (F) plants crossed with PIN7-GFP. Bars=50 μm

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