“绿色革命”新进展: 赤霉素与氮营养双重调控的表观修饰助力水稻高产高效育种

doi:10.11983/CBB20002

植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 5-8.DOI: 10.11983/CBB20002 cstr: 32102.14.CBB20002

“绿色革命”新进展: 赤霉素与氮营养双重调控的表观修饰助力水稻高产高效育种

韩美玲^1,²,谭茹姣^1,³,晁代印^1,^*()

¹中国科学院植物生理生态研究所, 中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心, 植物分子遗传国家重点实验室, 上海 200032
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³江苏师范大学, 徐州 221000

收稿日期:2020-01-07 接受日期:2020-01-13 出版日期:2020-01-01 发布日期:2020-02-07
通讯作者: 晁代印
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0100700)

A New Progress of Green Revolution: Epigenetic Modification Dual-regulated by Gibberellin and Nitrogen Supply Contributes to Breeding of High Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Rice

Mei-ling Han^1,²,Ru-jiao Tan^1,³,Dai-yin Chao^1,^*()

¹National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, China

Received:2020-01-07 Accepted:2020-01-13 Online:2020-01-01 Published:2020-02-07
Contact: Dai-yin Chao

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以半矮秆育种为代表的“绿色革命”极大地提高了作物产量, 但也带来氮营养利用效率降低的严重问题。“绿色革命”主要基于调控赤霉素的代谢和信号转导而实现。前期的研究发现, 赤霉素信号转导关键因子DELLA蛋白通过调控GRF4而负调控氮素的吸收利用, 为半矮秆品系氮利用效率低的问题提供了解决方案。最近的一项研究进一步揭示了GA信号途径与氮响应交叉互作的新机制。该研究发现水稻(Oryza sativa) NGR5是氮素调控分蘖数目的一个关键基因, 其表达受氮诱导。通过招募PRC2, NGR5对D14和OsSPL14等分蘖抑制基因所在位点进行H3K27me3甲基化修饰, 从而抑制其表达。而在半矮秆背景下超表达NGR5可以提高低氮水平下的水稻产量。NGR5同时也被发现为赤霉素受体GID1的一个新靶标, 受到其负调控。该研究发现了调控赤霉素信号通路的新机制, 并对高产高效的新一代“绿色革命”育种实践具有重要启示。

关键词: 水稻, 分蘖数, 氮利用效率, 组蛋白修饰

Abstract: The Green Revolution represented by the breeding of semi-dwarf crops greatly promoted agriculture yield, but it also unfortunately led to the problem of low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The achievement of Green Revolution was mainly based on modification of gibberellin (GA) metabolic or signaling pathways in crops. A previous study has found that the central regulator of GA signaling pathway DELLA protein negatively regulates NUE through suppressing GRF4, an essential NUE regulator, which provided a resolution for improving NUE of semi-dwarf rice. A recent study further revealed a novel mechanism underlying the crosstalk between GA signaling and nitrogen response. The study revealed that NGR5 is a key gene controlling tiller number changes under different nitrogen conditions, which is inducible by nitrogen. Further investigation established that the NGR5 suppresses branching inhibitory genes, such as D14 and OsSPL14, through nitrogen-dependent recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 that promotes histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation in the regions habouring the branching suppressors. In addition to be responsive to nitrogen, NGR5 is also negatively regulated by GA and its receptor GID, and overexpression of NGR5 in the semi-dwarf background is thus able to significantly improve rice yields under low nitrogen conditions. This study not only uncovered a new mechanism of GA signaling, but also enlightens the new generation of Green Revolution by breeding high yield crops with enhanced NUE.

Key words: rice, tiller number, nitrogen use efficiency, histone modification

韩美玲,谭茹姣,晁代印. “绿色革命”新进展: 赤霉素与氮营养双重调控的表观修饰助力水稻高产高效育种. 植物学报, 2020, 55(1): 5-8.

Mei-ling Han,Ru-jiao Tan,Dai-yin Chao. A New Progress of Green Revolution: Epigenetic Modification Dual-regulated by Gibberellin and Nitrogen Supply Contributes to Breeding of High Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Rice. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(1): 5-8.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB20002

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2020/V55/I1/5

图/表 1

图1 “绿色革命”和下一代育种靶标及分子机制在“绿色革命”中, 抑制GA信号通路导致DELLA蛋白积累, 产生半矮秆表型, 但同时也抑制GRF4的活性进而降低植物氮利用效率。GRF4以及NGR5为下一代高产高效的育种目标提供了优秀的靶点。增强它们的活性可以兼顾高产和营养高效, 突破以肥增产的瓶颈。红色及大字号代表增加, 而绿色和小字号代表降低。

Figure 1 The targets and molecular mechanisms of Green Revolution and next generation breeding In Green Revolution, suppression of GA signaling leads to accumulation of DELLA protein that results in semi-dwarf phenotype, but it also inhibits activity of GRF4 and subsequently decreases nitrogen use efficiency of crops. GRF4 and NGR5 provide excellent targets for next generation breeding which aims to crops with high nitrogen use efficiency and high yield. Improvement of these two genes helps to achieve yield with low nitrogen input and break through the bottle neck of fertilizer dependent yield increasing. The font size and color of the characters represent increase (red and larger font) or decrease (green and smaller font).

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“绿色革命”新进展: 赤霉素与氮营养双重调控的表观修饰助力水稻高产高效育种

A New Progress of Green Revolution: Epigenetic Modification Dual-regulated by Gibberellin and Nitrogen Supply Contributes to Breeding of High Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Rice

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