水稻根分泌激素调节生长速度

doi:10.11983/CBB20133

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物激素是植物体内合成的一类重要小分子物质, 其含量可因外界条件变化而改变, 并作为信号物质调控植物生长发育和适应环境。水培所用介质体积过小会造成植物生长受限、植株矮小, 通常认为是小体积生长介质中营养成分不足所致。研究表明, 在不同体积且不含任何营养物质的纯水中培养的水稻(Oryza sativa)亦表现出不同的生长速度, 幼苗在小体积水中生长缓慢而在大体积水中则生长快速且健壮。用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)测定培养液和水稻幼苗的激素含量, 发现相比于大体积培养条件, 小体积培养液中的植物体内积累了较多的ABA、SA和JA-Ile等胁迫相关激素, 最终导致幼苗生长缓慢和生物量积累减少。结果表明植物可能通过感知根际激素浓度来预测外界水量限制, 并据此调节生长速度, 以最大限度地适应外界环境。研究结果对揭示根分泌激素的生理功能以及优化植物工厂的水培条件具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 培养液体积, 植物激素, 根系分泌物, 生长发育, 水稻

Abstract: The phytohormones are important small molecules synthesized in plants, and their contents change as the external and internal conditions vary. Small volume of growth media used in the hydroculture will restrict the growth of plants, which is generally thought to be caused by the shortage of nutrients. In this study, we found that rice seedlings grew faster in the large volume of water culture system than that in the small volume of water culture system. We measured the contents of different plant hormones in culture medium and rice seedlings using liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS). It was found that there were more stress-response related phytohormones such as ABA, SA and JA-Ile accumulated in the plants growing in the small volume water system than that in the large volume water system, and finally resulted in a low growth rate and a biomass decline. Therefore, we speculate that plants can sense the water resource through actively sensing the concentration of root-secreted phytohormones, and adjust growth and development to better adapt to the environment. The study will help to understand the physiological functions of root-secreted phytohormones and optimize the hydroculture conditions in the area of plant factory.

Key words: culture volume, phytohormones, root exudate, growth and development, rice

俞启璐, 赵江哲, 朱晓仙, 张可伟. 水稻根分泌激素调节生长速度. 植物学报, 2021, 56(2): 175-182.

Qilu Yu, Jiangzhe Zhao, Xiaoxian Zhu, Kewei Zhang. Regulation of Rice Growth by Root-secreted Phytohormones. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2021, 56(2): 175-182.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB20133

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2021/V56/I2/175

图/表 4

图1 不同体积水培养12天的水稻幼苗表型 (A)不同体积纯水培养12天后水稻幼苗表型(bar=3 cm); (B) 不同体积纯水培养12天后水稻幼苗株高(n=30); (C)不同体积纯水培养12天后水稻幼苗鲜重(n=30); (D) 0.1 L与4 L培养容器及幼苗表型(bar=3 cm)。** 差异显著(P<0.01), *** 差异极显著(P<0.001)。

Figure 1 The phenotype of 12-day rice seedlings grown in different water culture systems (A) Phenotypes of rice seedlings grown in different water culture systems for 12 days (bar=3 cm); (B) Plant height of rice seedlings grown in different water culture systems for 12 days (n=30); (C) Fresh weight of rice seedlings grown in different water culture systems for 12 days (n=30); (D) 0.1 and 4 L containers used in this experiment and the phenotypes of rice seedlings grown in them, respectively (bar=3 cm). ** significant difference at P<0.01; *** significant differences at P<0.001.

图2 不同体积水培条件下水稻幼苗地上部组织激素含量 (A)-(J)0.1和4 L纯水培养12天后水稻幼苗地上部组织ABA、SA、JA-Ile、IAA、tZ、tZR、cZ、cZR、iP和iPR的含量。* 差异显著(P<0.05); *** 差异极显著(P<0.001)。

Figure 2 Hormone profiling of shoot of rice seedlings grown in different water culture sytems (A)-(J) The ABA, SA, JA-Ile, IAA, tZ, tZR, cZ, cZR, iP, and iPR contents in shoot of rice seedlings after planting in 0.1 and 4 L water culture systems for 12 days, respectively. * significant differences at P<0.05; *** significant differences at P<0.001.

图3 不同体积水培条件下水稻幼苗根部激素含量 (A)-(J)0.1和4 L纯水培养12天后水稻幼苗根部ABA、SA、JA-Ile、IAA、tZ、tZR、cZ、cZR、iP和iPR的含量。* 差异显著(P<0.05); *** 差异极显著(P<0.001)。

Figure 3 Profiling of phytohormones in the root of rice after planting in different water culture systems (A)-(J)The ABA, SA, JA-Ile, IAA, tZ, tZR, cZ, cZR, iP, and iPR contents in the root of rice after planting in 0.1 and 4 L water culture systems, respectively. * significant differences at P<0.05; *** significant differences at P<0.001.

图4 不同体积水培后水中激素含量 (A)-(H)0.1和4 L纯水培养水稻幼苗12天后水中ABA、SA、JA-Ile、IAA、cZ、cZR、iP和iPR的含量。* 差异显著(P<0.05); *** 差异极显著(P<0.001)。

Figure 4 Phytohormone profiling of the different hydroculture systems (A)-(H) The ABA, SA, JA-Ile, IAA, cZ, cZR, iP, and iPR contents in 0.1 and 4 L water culture systems after being planted with rice seedlings for 12 days, respectively. * significant differences at P<0.05; *** significant differences at P<0.001.

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