水稻胚乳淀粉积累过程的分子机理研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB22071

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 淀粉是水稻(Oryza sativa)胚乳的主要贮藏物质, 其积累过程影响植物后续的生长发育。作为人类从水稻中摄取的主要营养物质之一, 淀粉在水稻中的合成和积累过程备受关注。该文综述了蔗糖从韧皮部卸载、淀粉合成关键酶以及激素等内源因素影响淀粉合成和积累的最新研究进展, 并指出了胚乳淀粉积累过程尚未解决的问题, 旨在为后续深入研究提供参考思路。

关键词: 淀粉, 胚乳, 蔗糖卸载, 淀粉合成酶, 激素

Abstract: Starch is the major storage material of rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm, and its accumulation process affects the subsequent growth and development of plants. As one of the main nutrients absorbed by human beings from rice, the synthesis and accumulation process of starch in rice has attracted increasing attention. This review mainly discusses the latest progress of endogenous factors affecting starch synthesis and accumulation, such as sucrose unloading from phloem, key enzymes of starch synthesis and hormones, and points out the unsettled questions in the field of endosperm starch accumulation to provide some reference ideas for further research in the future.

Key words: starch, endosperm, sucrose unloading, starch synthase, hormone

唐子雯, 张冬平. 水稻胚乳淀粉积累过程的分子机理研究进展. 植物学报, 2023, 58(4): 612-621.

Ziwen Tang, Dongping Zhang. Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of Starch Accumulation in Rice Endosperm. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2023, 58(4): 612-621.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22071

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2023/V58/I4/612

图/表 3

图1 水稻颖果发育期蔗糖的卸载过程 (A) 营养物质积累阶段水稻横切面示意图; (B) 水稻颖果发育早期从母体组织向母子界面的蔗糖运输。DV: 背部维管束; NT: 珠心组织; SV: 通花柱维管束; Pe: 果皮; ES: 内胚乳; AL: 糊粉层; SE: 筛管; CC: 伴胞; NP: 珠心突起; P: 韧皮部薄壁细胞

Figure 1 Unloading process of sucrose during rice caryopsis development (A) Schematic diagram of cross section of rice at the stage of nutrient accumulation; (B) Sucrose transport from maternal tissue to maternal-filial interface in early caryopsis development of rice. DV: Dorsal vascular bundle; NT: Nucellar tissue; SV: Style vascular bundle; Pe: Peel; ES: Endosperm; AL: Aleurone layer; SE: Sieve element; CC: Companion cell; NP: Nucellar protrusion; P: Phloem parenchyma cell

图2 蔗糖转运蛋白SUTs和SWEETs在水稻不同部位和时期的表达模式

Figure 2 Expression patterns of sucrose transporters SUTs and SWEETs in different parts and stages of rice

图3 水稻淀粉合成过程中几种主要酶的调控作用 Glc-1-P: 葡萄糖-1-磷酸; ADP-Glc: ADP-葡萄糖; Glc-6-P: 葡萄糖-6-磷酸; AGPase: ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶; PGM: 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶; GBSSI: 颗粒结合淀粉合酶I; SS: 可溶性淀粉合酶; BE: 淀粉分支酶; DBE: 淀粉脱分支酶; BT1: ADP-葡萄糖转运蛋白; G1PT: 假定的葡萄糖-1-磷酸转运蛋白; GPT: 葡萄糖-6-磷酸转运蛋白; PTST1: 靶向淀粉的蛋白1

Figure 3 Regulation of several main enzymes in rice starch synthesis Glc-1-P: Glucose-1-phosphate; ADP-Glc: ADP-glucose; Glc- 6-P: Glucose-6-phosphate; AGPase: ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase; PGM: Phosphoglucomutase; GBSSI: Granule bound starch synthase I; SS: Soluble starch synthase; BE: Starch branching enzyme; DBE: Starch debranching enzyme; BT1: ADP-glucose transporter; G1PT: Putative Glc-1-P transporter; GPT: Glc-6-P transporter; PTST1: Protein targeting starch 1

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