玉米雄穗分枝数的激素“密码”

doi:10.11983/CBB25003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 玉米（Zea mays）是我国主要粮食作物，其雄穗分枝数对耐密株型和产量有显著影响，而耐密株型是实现玉米增产的关键。近年来，已克隆并鉴定到多个调控雄穗分枝数的关键基因，这些基因多与植物激素信号通路紧密关联。该文系统总结了生长素、细胞分裂素、独脚金内酯、赤霉素和脱落酸在调控玉米雄穗分枝数中的作用及其信号通路，初步探讨了激素之间的交互作用机制，以及环境因子对激素调控机制的影响，梳理了玉米雄穗分枝数的激素调控网络。在此基础上，展望了植物激素整合环境因子调控玉米雄穗分枝数的研究方向，旨在为揭示植物激素调控玉米雄穗分枝数的分子机制提供理论参考，并为培育高产稳产的理想株型玉米新品种提供科学依据。

关键词: 玉米, 雄穗分枝数, 植物激素, 环境因子, 遗传调控

Abstract: Maize is a main cereal crop in China. The number of tassel branches significantly affects density-tolerant plant architecture, which is the key to increasing yield. Currently, multiple genes associated with tassel branch number, many of which are closely related to plant hormone pathways, have been cloned and identified. This review summarizes the roles and signaling pathways of auxin, cytokinin, strigolactone, gibberellin and abscisic acid in regulating maize tassel branch number, preliminarily investigates the interaction mechanisms among hormones and the impact of environmental factors on hormonal regulatory mechanisms, and outlines the hormonal regulation network for tassel branch number in maize. These findings suggest that plant hormones integrate environmental factors to regulate the tassel branch number. This review aims to provide a theoretical reference for revealing the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone regulation of maize tassel branch number and to lay a scientific foundation for novel cultivars of the maize ideotype through plant hormones.

Key words: maize, tassel branch number, plant hormone, environmental factor, genetic regulation

林淼. 玉米雄穗分枝数的激素“密码”. 植物学报, 2026, 61(1): 157-169.

Miao Lin. Hormonal 'Code' for the Number of Maize Tassel Branches. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2026, 61(1): 157-169.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB25003

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2026/V61/I1/157

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基因	基因编码产物	作用途径	生物学功能	参考文献
SPI1	黄素单加氧酶	参与生长素生物合成	通过正向调节分枝分生组织（BM）形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Gallavotti et al.，2008a
VT2	色氨酸转氨酶	参与生长素生物合成	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Phillips et al.，2011
BIF2	丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶	参与生长素运输	通过正向调节BM形成和维持来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	McSteen and Hake，2001；McSteen et al.，2007
ZmPIN1a	生长素外排转运蛋白	参与生长素运输	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Galli et al.，2015
ZmAUX1	生长素内流载体	参与生长素运输	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Zhu et al.，2022
BIF1&BIF4	AUX/IAA蛋白	参与生长素信号转导	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Gallavotti et al.，2004
BA1	bHLH转录因子	生长素信号通路早期靶点	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Gallavotti et al.，2004
ZmD53	SCF^D3泛素复合物底物	独脚金内酯（SL）信号通路核心抑制因子	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Liu et al.，2021
UB3	SBP-box转录因子	间接参与细胞分裂素（CK）生物合成和降解反应	通过调节IM外侧细胞分化起始速率来调节分生组织活性，正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Chuck et al.，2014；Du et al.，2017
Q^Dtbn1	含kelch结构域的F-box蛋白	间接参与脱落酸（ABA）信号转导	负调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Qin et al.，2021
D1	GA-3-氧化酶	参与赤霉素（GA）生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Chen et al.，2014
D5	细胞色素P450蛋白家族成员CYP88A1	参与GA生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Li et al.，2023
D11	未克隆，但与GA-20-氧化酶1的表达有关	参与GA生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Wang et al.，2013
AN1	催化GA第1个四环中间体合成的靶向叶绿体的植物环化酶	参与GA生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Bensen et al.，1995
KN1	同源域KNOTTED1转录因子	间接参与GA降解反应	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Kerstetter et al.，1997；Bolduc and Hake，2009

基因	基因编码产物	作用途径	生物学功能	参考文献
SPI1	黄素单加氧酶	参与生长素生物合成	通过正向调节分枝分生组织（BM）形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Gallavotti et al.，2008a
VT2	色氨酸转氨酶	参与生长素生物合成	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Phillips et al.，2011
BIF2	丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶	参与生长素运输	通过正向调节BM形成和维持来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	McSteen and Hake，2001；McSteen et al.，2007
ZmPIN1a	生长素外排转运蛋白	参与生长素运输	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Galli et al.，2015
ZmAUX1	生长素内流载体	参与生长素运输	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Zhu et al.，2022
BIF1&BIF4	AUX/IAA蛋白	参与生长素信号转导	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Gallavotti et al.，2004
BA1	bHLH转录因子	生长素信号通路早期靶点	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Gallavotti et al.，2004
ZmD53	SCF^D3泛素复合物底物	独脚金内酯（SL）信号通路核心抑制因子	通过正向调节BM形成来正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Liu et al.，2021
UB3	SBP-box转录因子	间接参与细胞分裂素（CK）生物合成和降解反应	通过调节IM外侧细胞分化起始速率来调节分生组织活性，正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Chuck et al.，2014；Du et al.，2017
Q^Dtbn1	含kelch结构域的F-box蛋白	间接参与脱落酸（ABA）信号转导	负调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Qin et al.，2021
D1	GA-3-氧化酶	参与赤霉素（GA）生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Chen et al.，2014
D5	细胞色素P450蛋白家族成员CYP88A1	参与GA生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Li et al.，2023
D11	未克隆，但与GA-20-氧化酶1的表达有关	参与GA生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Wang et al.，2013
AN1	催化GA第1个四环中间体合成的靶向叶绿体的植物环化酶	参与GA生物合成	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Bensen et al.，1995
KN1	同源域KNOTTED1转录因子	间接参与GA降解反应	正调控玉米雄穗分枝数	Kerstetter et al.，1997；Bolduc and Hake，2009

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