植物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 901-913.DOI: 10.11983/CBB25060  cstr: 32102.14.CBB25060

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

内源激素对高粱主茎与分蘖株高差异的影响

王瑞1, 赵威军1, 白洋1, 程庆军1, 张海燕1, 闫凤霞1, 凌亮2,*()   

  1. 1 山西农业大学高粱研究所/农业农村部特种高粱育种及加工重点实验室, 晋中 030600
    2 山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院, 太原 030031
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08 接受日期:2025-07-01 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-07-07
  • 通讯作者: 凌亮
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32272164);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2024-071);山西省博士研究生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2024118);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2025CYJSTX10-5)

Effects of Endogenous Hormones on Height Difference Between Main Stem and Tiller of Sorghum bicolor

Rui Wang1, Weijun Zhao1, Yang Bai1, Qingjun Cheng1, Haiyan Zhang1, Fengxia Yan1, Liang Ling2,*()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Special Sorghum Breeding and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Sorghum, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
    2 Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
  • Received:2025-04-08 Accepted:2025-07-01 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-07-07
  • Contact: Liang Ling

摘要: 分蘖高于主茎是影响高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种整齐度和机械化生产的重要因素之一, 内源激素及其互作效应在植物株高建成过程中发挥关键调控作用。为探索内源激素对高粱主茎和分蘖株高差异的影响, 以主茎和分蘖高度一致的高粱品系K35-Y5以及分蘖高于主茎的高粱品系1383为材料, 测定了4个时期(主茎孕穗期、分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期)主茎与分蘖的株高性状和内源激素含量, 并分析了二者的变化特征及其相关性。不同时期主茎与分蘖株高差异变化分析发现, 在前3个时期K35-Y5的主茎均高于分蘖, 至分蘖开花期时主茎与分蘖株高基本一致; 在主茎孕穗期, 1383的主茎高于分蘖, 分蘖孕穗期时主茎与分蘖株高基本一致, 后2个时期则分蘖高于主茎。不同时期内源激素含量变化特征分析发现, GA3含量在主茎和分蘖中的变化趋势与株高基本一致; ABA含量在K35-Y5主茎和分蘖间变化趋势基本一致, 主茎开花期时1383的分蘖明显高于主茎。IAA、ICA、tZR、IPA、Dx和JA含量随着生育时期总体呈下降趋势; ACC、SA、JA和H2JA无明显变化规律。相关性分析表明, 分蘖和主茎的株高差异在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 与GA3相对含量呈显著正相关; 且在主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 与GA3/ABA相对比值呈显著正相关。综上所述, 在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, GA3相对含量与主茎和分蘖株高差异密切相关。通过GA3处理和石蜡切片, 我们发现外施GA3影响细胞的伸长, 可实现对株高整齐一致株型的改良, 对于选育适宜机械化生产的高粱品种具有重要意义。

关键词: 高粱, 主茎, 分蘖, 株高差异, 内源激素

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tiller height higher than main stem is one of the important factors affecting the uniformity and mechanized production of sorghum. Sorghum with tiller height equal to that of the main stem can be densely planted and harvested mechanically. Endogenous hormones play an important regulatory role in the process of plant height development. Understanding the impact of endogenous hormones on the height difference between main stem and tiller in sorghum is of great significance for the improvement of sorghum varieties with tiller higher than the main stem.
RATIONALE: To further explore the effects of endogenous hormones on height difference between main stem and tiller of sorghum, Sorghum K35-Y5 with the similar height of main stem and tiller and 1383 with higher tiller than main stem were used to measure the plant height and endogenous hormone contents in main stem booting stage, tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage, and analyze the dynamic change and correlation, laying a foundation for studying the regulatory mechanisms of main stem and tiller height in sorghum and for improving plant architecture.
RESULTS: The height difference of main stem and tiller in different stages showed that the main stem of K35-Y5 was higher than that of tiller in the first three periods, and the height of main stem and tiller was basically the same at tiller flowering stage. The main stem height of 1383 was higher than that of tiller in main stem booting stage, the height of main stem and tiller was basically the same in tiller booting stage, and the height of tiller was higher than that of main stem in the latter two stages. Analysis of dynamic changes of endogenous hormone in different stages showed that GA3 content in main stem and tiller was basically consistent with the change of plant height. The dynamic change of ABA in K35-Y5 main stem and tiller is basically the same, which was significantly higher than main stem of 1383 tiller in main stem flowering stage. The contents of IAA, ICA, tZR, IPA, Dx and JA showed a decreasing trend. ACC, SA, JA and H2JA had no obvious characteristics. The correlation analysis showed that the difference of tiller and main stem was positively correlated with the relative content of GA3 at tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage, and positively correlated with the relative ratio of GA3/ABA at main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage.
CONCLUSION: The height difference of main stem and tiller was closely related to the relative content of GA3 at tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage. Through the treatment of GA3 and subsequent paraffin section analysis, we found that spraying GA3 affects cell elongation to achieve the improvement of plant height uniformity. This will be of great significance for the breeding of sorghum varieties suitable for mechanized production.

Differences in growth, height (A), and the GA3 contents (B) of main stem and tiller of K35-Y5 and 1383 at different stages. * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor, main stem, tiller, height difference, endogenous hormones