茶树嫩枝扦插的高效方法

doi:10.11983/CBB19025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶(Camellia sinensis)是世界上最重要的饮料作物之一, 随着种植面积的扩大, 茶苗的需求量也日益增加。传统的扦插育苗方式存在着生根难、周期长和取材难等问题, 因此优化扦插生根的方法十分重要。该研究以较易获得、但传统方法难以生根的绿色嫩枝为扦插材料, 首先对培养介质进行改良。与土培和水培相比, 利用海绵培养可以使茶树幼嫩插穗在1个月之内快速生根, 生根率达32.2%。其次, 对海绵培方法做进一步优化, 确定一芽一叶的幼嫩短穗生根潜力更佳; 同时, 添加生根粉能够促进茶树茎部愈伤组织与根系的形成, 其中1.25 g∙L ^-1生根粉处理48小时对茶树扦插快速生根最有效, 生根率达42.0%。综上, 通过优化培养介质和扦插材料以及适当添加生根粉等措施, 建立了一种茶树高效嫩枝扦插生根的方法。该方法能够显著缩短嫩枝插穗的生根时间, 突破了扦插材料的限制, 有效降低了扦插成本, 具有重要的应用前景。

关键词: 茶树, 扦插, 海绵培, 愈伤, 生根

Abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most important beverage crops in the world. With the expanding cultivation area, the demand for tea seedlings is increasing. However, there are many problems with the traditional breeding method for tea plants using cuttings, such as low rooting rate, time consumption and difficulties to obtain materials. Therefore, optimizing the cutting method is of great importance for tea production. In this study, we first changed the culture medium to sponges and found that tea cuttings were able to generate new roots within 1 month on sponges, with rooting rate 32.2%. Second, we optimized the cutting materials by using fresh green tea branches in sponges, and the rooting potential of goung branch maintained with one bud and one leaf is better. In addition, we found that supplying rooting powder to sponges significantly promoted callus formation and new root generation from cuttings. In general, the most effective way was to apply 1.25 g∙L ^-1 rooting powder to cuttings for 48 h, for a rooting rate of 42.0%. We have established an effective rooting method for tea cuttings by optimizing the culture medium, cutting materials and adding optimal rooting powder. This method could shorten the rooting time, avoid the restriction of cutting materials, and thus effectively reduce the expense of tea cuttings, which has application prospects in tea production.

Key words: tea plant, cuttings, spongy culture, callus, rooting

刘小妹,孙丽莉,傅向东,廖红. 茶树嫩枝扦插的高效方法. 植物学报, 2019, 54(4): 531-538.

Xiaomei Liu,Lili Sun,Xiangdong Fu,Hong Liao. An Effective Method for the Rooting of Tea Cuttings. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2019, 54(4): 531-538.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB19025

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2019/V54/I4/531

图/表 6

图1 茶树扦插的操作流程图 (1) 将枝条修剪成带有一芽一叶的短穗, 并在腋芽下端的茎部表面制造切口; (2) 将短穗垂直固定于海绵块中间, 用生根粉处理后, 在茶树营养液中培养; (3) 20天后愈伤形成; (4) 25天后根形成。

Figure 1 Procedure of tea plant cutting (1) Tea plant short branch was clipped from long branch, maintained with one bud and one leaf, and cut with some wounds in the bottom of stem; (2) Short branch was fixed by sponge and cultivated in the bottle with tea plant nutrient solution, after the treatment of rooting powder; (3) Callus came out after 20 d of cultivation; (4) Root emerged after 25 d.

图2 不同培养基质对茶树短穗生根率的影响 (A) 茶园土壤培养茶树短穗; (B) 茶树营养液培养茶树短穗; (C) 海绵培养茶树短穗; (D) 茶树短穗在不同培养基质中的生根率。Bars=1 cm; *** P≤0.001

Figure 2 Effects of different cultivation matrixes on tea plant rooting ratio (A) Cultivation of tea short branch in red soil from tea garden; (B) Cultivation of tea short branch by hydroponics; (C) Cultivation of tea short branch in sponge; (D) Rooting rate of tea short branch in different cultivation matrixes. Bars=1 cm; *** P≤0.001.

图3 茶树扦插苗的根系发育表型 (A) 培养20天后, 茶树扦插苗的愈伤组织形成情况(Bar= 2 mm); (B) 培养25天后, 茶树扦插苗的根系形成情况(Bar= 2 mm); (C) 培养5个月后, 茶树的整体长势(Bar=10 cm)。

Figure 3 Root development of tea plant cutting seedling (A) Formation of callus in the tea plant cutting seedlings after 20 d cultivation (Bar=2 mm); (B) Formation of roots from the tea cutting seedlings after 25 d (Bar=2 mm); (C) Tea plant growth after 5 months (Bar=10 cm).

图4 茶树扦插过程茎部横切面 (A) 正常茎部结构(Bar=500 μm); (B) 插穗修剪时在茎部表面制造3处切口(Bar=500 μm); (C) 愈伤组织结构(Bar=500 μm); (D) 茎切口产生的根结构(Bar=100 μm)

Figure 4 Transection of tea plant cutting seedling (A) Structure of normal stem (Bar=500 μm); (B) Three incisions in stem surface while branch cutting (Bar=500 μm); (C) Structure of callus (Bar=500 μm); (D) Structure of root emerging from stem incision (Bar=100 μm)

图5 不同长度茶树枝条扦插对生根的影响 (A) 短穗枝条扦插长度示意图(Bar=1 cm); (B) 长穗枝条扦插长度示意图(Bar=1 cm); (C) 不同长度枝条扦插生根率。*** P≤0.001

Figure 5 Effects of different branch lengths on rooting rate of tea plant (A) Schematic diagram of short branch cutting length (Bar=1 cm); (B) Schematic diagram of long branch cutting length (Bar= 1 cm); (C) Rooting rate of different tea plant branch lengths. *** P≤0.001

图6 不同浓度的生根粉及不同处理时间对茶树短穗愈伤率、生根率和死亡率的影响茶树短穗使用3种不同浓度(1.25、2.5和5 g∙L-1)的生根粉, 分别处理0、6、12和48小时, 在海绵中培养1个月后, 对茶树短穗的愈伤率(A)-(C)、生根率(D)-(F)和死亡率(G)-(I)进行统计, 不同小写字母代表不同处理间差异显著(P≤0.05)。

Figure 6 Effects of different rooting powder concentrations and different treatment time on the rates of callus formation, root formation and mortality Short branches were cultured in sponge culture matrix, after treated with 3 concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 g∙L-1) of rooting powders, for 0, 6, 12 and 48 h, respectively. The rate of callus formation (A)-(C), root formation (D)-(F) and mortality (G)-(I) of tea plants were counted and calculated after 1 month. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P≤0.05).

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