茶树花挥发物对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱增强效应

doi:10.11983/CBB21078

植物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 559-572.DOI: 10.11983/CBB21078

茶树花挥发物对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱增强效应

穆丹¹, 岂泽华¹, 李沁¹^,², 梁可欣¹, 华绍贵¹, 朱星雨¹, 焦梦婕¹, 饶玉春²^,^*(), 孙廷哲¹^,^*()

¹安庆师范大学生命科学学院, 皖西南生物多样性研究与利用安徽省重点实验室, 安庆 246133
²浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院, 金华 321004

收稿日期:2021-05-08 接受日期:2021-08-09 出版日期:2021-09-01 发布日期:2021-08-31
通讯作者: 饶玉春,孙廷哲
作者简介:confucian007@126.com
* E-mail: ryc@zjnu.cn;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31971185);国家自然科学基金(31800316);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目(gxyqZD2020031);一般项目(gxyq2018034);安徽省教育厅自然基金重点项目(KJ2017A359)

Enhanced Attraction of Mymarids (Stethynium empoascae) by Volatiles from Tea Flowers

Dan Mu¹, Zehua Qi¹, Qin Li¹^,², Kexin Liang¹, Shaogui Hua¹, Xingyu Zhu¹, Mengjie Jiao¹, Yuchun Rao²^,^*(), Tingzhe Sun¹^,^*()

¹The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Scien¬ces, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
²School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China

Received:2021-05-08 Accepted:2021-08-09 Online:2021-09-01 Published:2021-08-31
Contact: Yuchun Rao,Tingzhe Sun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茶树(Camellia sinensis)是我国重要的经济作物。小贯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca onukii)是为害茶树的主要害虫之一。叶蝉三棒缨小蜂(Stethynium empoascae)是小贯小绿叶蝉的主要卵寄生蜂, 但茶树花对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱机制尚不明确。基于析因设计的方差分析结果显示, 茶树花可引诱天敌叶蝉三棒缨小蜂, 显著缩短其寄生行为的搜寻时间。茶树花可显著增强叶蝉为害茶梢对缨小蜂的吸引作用, 而对健康茶梢的增强效应不显著。基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的结果显示, 健康茶梢中的挥发物种类和相对含量较少, 而叶蝉为害茶梢和茶树花中挥发物种类和相对含量显著增多。偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结果显示, 茶树花挥发物具有明显的聚类特征。变量重要性投影结果表明, 17种茶树花挥发物在判别分析中可能起重要作用。行为测定结果显示, α-水芹烯、顺式氧化芳樟醇、反式氧化芳樟醇、苯甲醛和苯乙酮对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂具有显著的引诱效果。研究初步阐明了茶树花通过释放挥发物引诱叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的机制, 为制定叶蝉的生物防治策略提供了理论依据。

关键词: 小贯小绿叶蝉, 叶蝉三棒缨小蜂, 茶树, 花挥发物, 偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA), 气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS), 生物防治

Abstract:

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an important economic crop in China. Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii) is the most damaging pest of tea plants and mymarid (Stethynium empoascae) has been classified as its egg parasitoid. However, the mechanism underlying the olfactory attraction of mymarids by tea flowers is still elusive. By factorial design, we showed that tea flowers could attract mymarids which are natural enemies of leafhopper and accelerated the parasitic behavior of mymarid. Tea flower specifically decreased the search time of parasitic behavior of mymarid with tea shoots infested by leafhoppers. However, the boosting effect of tea flower was lost in healthy tea shoots. Compared with health tea shoots, the types and relative contents of volatiles were dramatically increased in infested tea shoots using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We classified the volatile expression patterns of healthy tea shoots, infested tea shoots and tea flowers using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Based on variable importance for the projection (VIP), and identified 17 tea flower volatiles which could potentially discriminate the patterns of volatiles in the three tissues. Olfactometer bioassay showed that α-phellandrene, cis-linaloloxide, trans-linaloloxide, benzaldehyde and acetophenone significantly attract mymarids. Our work has preliminarily demonstrated the defense mechanism mediated by tea flowers and provides novel clues for biological control of tea green leafhopper management.

Key words: tea green leafhopper, mymarid, tea plant, flower volatile, partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), biological control

穆丹, 岂泽华, 李沁, 梁可欣, 华绍贵, 朱星雨, 焦梦婕, 饶玉春, 孙廷哲. 茶树花挥发物对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱增强效应. 植物学报, 2021, 56(5): 559-572.

Dan Mu, Zehua Qi, Qin Li, Kexin Liang, Shaogui Hua, Xingyu Zhu, Mengjie Jiao, Yuchun Rao, Tingzhe Sun. Enhanced Attraction of Mymarids (Stethynium empoascae) by Volatiles from Tea Flowers. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2021, 56(5): 559-572.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB21078

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2021/V56/I5/559

图/表 11

参考文献 58

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Factor	Level A	Level B
Infestation	Healthy tea shoots (-)	Infested tea shoots (+)
Tea flower	Absent (-)	Present (+)
Mating status	Virgin mymarid (-)	Mated mymarid (+)

Factor	Level A	Level B
Infestation	Healthy tea shoots (-)	Infested tea shoots (+)
Tea flower	Absent (-)	Present (+)
Mating status	Virgin mymarid (-)	Mated mymarid (+)

Group	Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	p value
Tea flower	4785.1562	1	4785.1562	42.5105	9.6614 × 10^-10**
Infestation	3001.5563	1	3001.5563	26.6653	7.4251 × 10^-7**
Mating status	1531.4062	1	1531.4062	13.6047	0.0003**
Tea flower × Infestation	693.0563	1	693.0563	6.1570	0.0142*
Tea flower × Mating status	94.5562	1	94.5562	0.8400	0.3608
Infestation × Mating status	45.1562	1	45.1562		0.5274
Sum of squares for error (SSE)	17222.3063	153	112.5641
Total	27373.1938	159

Group	Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	p value
Tea flower	4785.1562	1	4785.1562	42.5105	9.6614 × 10^-10**
Infestation	3001.5563	1	3001.5563	26.6653	7.4251 × 10^-7**
Mating status	1531.4062	1	1531.4062	13.6047	0.0003**
Tea flower × Infestation	693.0563	1	693.0563	6.1570	0.0142*
Tea flower × Mating status	94.5562	1	94.5562	0.8400	0.3608
Infestation × Mating status	45.1562	1	45.1562		0.5274
Sum of squares for error (SSE)	17222.3063	153	112.5641
Total	27373.1938	159

Group	Mating status	Search time (s)	Spying and spawning time (s)	Total time (s)
Intact tea shoot + tea flower	Virgin	69.75±2.12	10.00±0.30	79.75±2.26
Intact tea shoot + tea flower	Mated	62.50±1.78	9.85±0.28	72.35±1.88
Intact tea shoot	Virgin	74.15±3.02	10.10±0.28	84.25±3.16
Intact tea shoot	Mated	70.90±3.12	10.50±0.34	81.40±3.10
Tea shoot infested by tea green leafhopper + tea flower	Virgin	57.35±1.67	9.90±0.31	67.25±1.70
Tea shoot infested by tea green leafhopper + tea flower	Mated	49.10±2.26	10.10±0.33	59.20±2.15
Tea shoot infested by tea green leafhopper	Virgin	71.50±2.26**	10.05±0.39	81.55±2.36**
Tea shoot infested by tea green leafhopper	Mated	63.95±2.10**	11.15±0.26	75.10±1.99**

茶树花挥发物对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱增强效应

Enhanced Attraction of Mymarids (Stethynium empoascae) by Volatiles from Tea Flowers

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No.	Retention time (min)	Volatile compounds	Relative contents to internal standard (IS)
No.	Retention time (min)	Volatile compounds	Healthy tea shoots	Tea shoots infested by tea green leafhopper	Tea flower
1	3.772	4-penten-2-one	-	4.6679±0.3469	-
2	4.659	2-hexanone	-	-	0.8337±0.1178
3	4.973	3-hexenal	0.6775±0.1432	0.6500±0.0644	-
4	6.791	3-hexen-1-ol	-	2.4906±0.2406	-
5	6.973	Ethylbenzene	-	-	0.4284±0.0374
6	7.045	Z-4-hexen-1-ol	-	3.1843±0.2420	-
7	7.386	m-xylene	0.1821±0.0261	0.9410±0.1252	1.0658±0.1013
8	8.216	p-xylene	0.1388±0.0163	0.1685±0.0114	-
9	8.571	2-heptanone	-	-	15.7670±0.2817
10	9.415	Anisole	-	-	0.4104±0.0497
11	10.061	α-pinene	-	0.0849±0.0098	0.0467±0.0056
12	11.542	Benzaldehyde	-	0.2588±0.0264	0.5192±0.0615
13	12.270	Phenol	-	0.0915±0.0094	-
14	13.383	Decane	-	0.0952±0.0098	0.0424±0.0048
15	13.595	Octanal	-	0.2073±0.0243	0.2724±0.0241
16	13.675	Z-3-hexenyl acetate	-	0.3178±0.0256	-
17	13.694	E-3-hexenyl acetate	-	0.6841±0.0819	-
18	14.841	2-ethyl-1-hexanol	0.1636±0.0303	1.5707±0.1608	1.0125±0.1174
19	15.720	α-phellandrene	-	-	0.1193±0.0104
20	16.061	2-pentylcyclopentanone	-	-	4.9586±0.3190
21	16.373	α-methyl benzyl alcohol	-	-	0.100 0±0.0116
22	16.612	Acetophenone	0.0443±0.0077	1.0436±0.1229	36.3044±3.7347
23	16.900	cis-linaloloxide	-	-	0.0395±0.0043
24	17.713	trans-linaloloxide	-	-	0.1566±0.0081
25	18.460	Undecane	0.0297±0.0048	0.2721±0.0370	0.2192±0.0237
26	18.693	Nonanal	0.0615±0.0105	1.0990±0.1109	0.7224±0.0835
27	20.668	Camphor	0.0989±0.0142	1.2977±0.1150	0.4835±0.0361
28	21.928	E-2-nonen-1-ol	0.0605±0.0074	0.2599+0.0135	0.1866±0.0158
29	22.381	Naphthalene	0.0305±0.0046	0.1241±0.0086	0.2344±0.0224
30	22.662	cis-3-hexenyl butyrate	-	0.0891±0.0081	-
31	23.362	Dodecane	0.0176±0.0029	0.2182±0.0153	0.1281±0.0155
32	23.654	Decanal	0.0995±0.0176	1.1579±0.1294	0.8621±0.0459
33	28.027	Tridecane	-	0.1029±0.0097	0.0625±0.0079
/	32.223	Decanoic acid, ethyl ester (IS)	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
34	32.423	Tetradecane	0.0261±0.0055	0.3894±0.0406	0.1098±0.0113
35	32.625	Longifolene-(V4)	-	0.1815±0.0268	0.0307±0.0012
36	32.822	Tetradecanal	-	0.0467±0.0030	0.0275±0.0023
37	34.362	E-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one	0.0501±0.0065	0.5364±0.0388	0.2798±0.0269
38	36.594	Pentadecane	0.0704±0.0090	0.3610±0.0406	0.0922±0.0051
39	40.532	Hexadecane	0.0552±0.0097	0.3384±0.0304	0.1625±0.0221
40	44.276	Heptadecane	-	0.1006±0.0058	0.0437±0.0053
41	49.699	1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2- methylpropyl) ester	-	-	0.0411±0.0023
42	50.477	Homomenthyl salicylate	-	-	0.0353±0.0041

Classification	Volatile compounds
Green leaf volatiles	3-hexenal, 3-hexen-1-ol, Z-4-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, E-3-hexenyl acetate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol
Aromatics	Ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, anisole, benzaldehyde, phenol, α-methylbenzyl alcohol, acetophenone, naphthalene, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester
Terpenes	4-penten-2-one, α-pinene, α-phellandrene, cis-linaloloxide, trans-linaloloxide, E-2-nonen-1-ol, cis-3- hexenyl butyrate, longifolene-(V4), E-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one
Alkanes	Decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane
Other	2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, octanal, 2-pentylcyclopentanone, nonanal, camphor, decanal, tetradecanal, homomenthyl salicylate

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