Research Progress on the NAD(P)+ Biosynthesis and Function in Plants

doi:10.11983/CBB24144

Abstract

Abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP⁺) act as an integral regulator of plant core energy metabolism, growth and development, and stress response, which can directly and indirectly influence many key cellular functions. As the cornerstone of cell metabolism, NAD(P)⁺ homeostasis is crucial for normal plant growth and development, and stress response. Impaired synthesis of NAD(P)⁺ or deficiency can trigger metabolic disorders and a series of defective phenotypes, and may even lead to plant death in severe cases. Currently, NAD(P)⁺ biosynthesis pathway and its key enzymes have been well studied in plants, but its homeostatic regulation in plants and the mechanism of coordinating plant growth and stress response are still unclear. Therefore, isolating NAD(P)⁺ deficiency-related mutants is crucial for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of NAD(P)⁺ homeostasis and its balancing in plant growth and stress response. This review summarizes the biosynthetic metabolic pathways of plant NAD(P)⁺, focuses on the participation of NAD(P)⁺ in plant growth and stress response processes, and looks into the future on the research prospects of NAD(P)⁺ in plants.

Key words: NAD⁺, NADP⁺, biosynthesis, biological function

Haitao Hu, Yue Wu, Ling Yang. Research Progress on the NAD(P)⁺ Biosynthesis and Function in Plants[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(1): 114-131.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB24144

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2025/V60/I1/114

Figures/Tables 3

Figure 1 Molecular structure of NAD(P)+ (A) NAD+; (B) NADP+

Figure 2 NAD(P)+ biosynthesis pathways in plants The de novo biosynthesis pathway (red arrows) and the salvage pathway (black arrows) of NAD(P)+ in plants and bacteria, and steps that are shared by these two synthesis pathways (orange arrows). AO: Aspartate oxidase; QS: Quinolinate synthase; QPT: Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase; NaMAT: Nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase; NADS: NAD+ synthetase; NADK: NAD+ kinase; NIC: Nicotinamidase; NaPRT: Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase; Nudix: Nudix hydrolase; PRS: 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase. The de novo biosynthesis pathway of NAD(P)+ in mammals and fungi (blue arrows). TDO: Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase; KFase: Kynurenine formamidase; KMO: Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase; KYNU: Kynureninase; 3-HAAO: 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase

Figure 3 Biological functions of NAD(P)+ in plants (Smith et al., 2021) NAD(P)+ are involved in many aspects of plant biological processes, including growth and development, energy metabolism, signal transduction, reactive oxygen species metabolism, post-harvest metabolism, gene expression, immune response and biosynthesis. LecRK: Lectin receptor kinase; TIR: Toll/interleukin-1 receptor; Rboh: Respiratory burst oxidase homologue

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