Iron Plaque Formation and Its Effects on Phosphorus Absorption in Rice Roots

doi:10.11983/CBB24001

Abstract

Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa) is a globally important cereal crop, and the rational application of fertilizers is necessary agricultural practice to ensure its sustainable and stable yield. Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for rice, primarily absorbed through the rice roots. Since rice is mostly grown in flooded conditions, the root surface of rice generally forms iron plaques rich in iron oxides, which play a crucial role in the migration of inorganic phosphorus in the rhizosphere of rice. This paper reviews the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on the formation of iron plaques in rice and discusses the effect of iron plaques on the absorption and transport of phosphorus in plant nutrition. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of future research on iron plaques, aiming to provide clues for our further understanding of the interactions between iron and phosphorus in the rhizosphere of rice.

Key words: rice, soil, iron plaque, phosphorus nutrition, rhizosphere

Jianguo Li, Yi Zhang, Wenjun Zhang. Iron Plaque Formation and Its Effects on Phosphorus Absorption in Rice Roots[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(1): 132-143.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB24001

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2025/V60/I1/132

Figures/Tables 3

Figure 1 Morphology and component characterization of iron plaque on rice root surface (A), (B) Optical image of fresh rice root (Seyfferth et al., 2010); (C), (D) Scanning electron microscope image of rice root cross-section (Tian et al., 2023); (E), (F) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) images of rice roots, the red-outlined box in (E) and the arrows in (F) both represent iron plaques (Seyfferth et al., 2010); (G) X-ray tomography (XRT) images (Seyfferth et al., 2010); (H) Formation and composition of iron plaque (Hansel et al., 2001). (A) Bar=5 cm; (B) Bar=2 cm; (C) Bar=25 µm; (D) Bar=10 µm; (E) Bar= 20 mm; (F) Bar=6 mm; (G) Bar=200 µm

Figure 2 Effects of biotic (microbial, root exudates, etc.) and abiotic (soil pH, Eh, etc.) factors on the formation of iron plaque on rice root surface Under the regulation of radial oxygen loss (ROL) and other factors, iron (II) near the root can be oxidized and deposited on the root surface to form iron (III) plaque. Iron plaque has an enriching effect on rhizosphere phosphorus (P) nutrition, and with the dissolution effect of the root exudates or microorganisms on iron plaque-bound phosphorus, phosphorus will be released for rice absorption and utilization.

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of phosphorus absorption related mechanism in rice roots Rice roots acquire phosphorus nutrients directly through the root surface or indirectly through the iron plaque, and arbuscular mycorrhizae, and absorb them through transporters.

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