The Major Membrane Lipids in Plant Thylakoids and Their Biosynthesis

doi:10.11983/CBB23028

Abstract

Abstract: Chloroplast is the main place for photosynthesis of green plants, and thylakoid is the key component of the membrane structure in the chloroplast. Various protein complexes and lipids are distributed on the plant thylakoid membrane. About half of the lipid components are glycolipids, mainly including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. The proportion of phospholipid in the membrane is very low, and the main phospholipid component is phosphatidylglycerol. Most protein complexes of photosynthesis are embedded in regularly arrranged polar lipids. These membrane lipids are essential for plant photosynthesis and growth. A comprehensive knowledge on the structure and function of the major lipids in thylakoid membranes in prokaryotes or eukaryotes and their biosynthesis will help our further study in understanding of the mechanism of photosynthesis light energy and substance conversion, and provide theoretical basis for the study of membrane lipids in plant thylakoids.

Key words: biosynthesis, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

Xiaoxiao Liu, Di Gong, Tianpeng Gao, Lina Yin, Shiwen Wang. The Major Membrane Lipids in Plant Thylakoids and Their Biosynthesis[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(1): 144-155.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB23028

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2024/V59/I1/144

Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1 Composition and structural characteristics of membrane lipids in higher plants a Isolated from spinach leaves, the values are showed as weight percent of fatty acids (Dorne et al., 1990); b Isolated from spinach leaves, the values are showed as weight percent of fatty acids (Block et al., 1983)

Figure 2 Chemical structure of major lipids of thylakoid membrane in plants R1 and R2 represent the fatty acids.

Figure 3 Biosynthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) (A), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) (B) in Arabidopsis thaliana and its regulation at the gene expression level (C) DAG: Diacyl glycerol

Figure 4 Role of Type A and Type B MGD synthase in plant development, and regulation of galactolipids biosynthesis by different factors DAG: Diacyl glycerol; MGDG: Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol; DGDG: Digalactosyldiacylglycerol

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