Research Progress on Post-translational Modifications of Starch Biosynthesis-related Proteins in Rice Endosperm

doi:10.11983/CBB24067

Abstract

Abstract: Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) serve as a crucial regulatory mechanism of protein function and play a significant role in rice seed development and endosperm starch biosynthesis. With advancements in proteomics technologies, numerous starch synthesis-related proteins in rice endosperm have been identified to undergo various PTMs. This review summarizes the proteomic analyses, modification sites, pathways, and biological functions of six major types of PTMs in starch synthesis-related proteins in rice endosperm: phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, succinylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, malonylation, and ubiquitination. Among these, protein phosphorylation has been the most extensively studied and is recognized as a key regulator of plant growth, development, and starch metabolism. Additionally, we discuss the potential roles of PTMs in grain filling, rice starch quality, and appearance. This review provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of PTMs in starch synthesis-related proteins in rice endosperm, offering a valuable reference for breeding high-yield and high-quality rice varieties.

Key words: rice, starch, biosynthesis, post-translational modification, proteomic

Xinyu Li, Yue Gu, Feifei Xu, Jinsong Bao. Research Progress on Post-translational Modifications of Starch Biosynthesis-related Proteins in Rice Endosperm[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(2): 256-270.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB24067

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2025/V60/I2/256

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References 80

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修饰类型	蛋白数量	位点数量
磷酸化	7796	23513
赖氨酸2-羟基异丁酰化	4719	19831
赖氨酸乙酰化	2607	4798
赖氨酸琥珀酰化	859	2381
赖氨酸丙二酰化	483	898
赖氨酸类泛素化	403	978
N-糖基化	202	248
羰基化	181	414

修饰类型	蛋白数量	位点数量
磷酸化	7796	23513
赖氨酸2-羟基异丁酰化	4719	19831
赖氨酸乙酰化	2607	4798
赖氨酸琥珀酰化	859	2381
赖氨酸丙二酰化	483	898
赖氨酸类泛素化	403	978
N-糖基化	202	248
羰基化	181	414

蛋白质磷酸化类型	蛋白质磷酸化位点	化学键
O-磷酸化	苏氨酸(Thr)	P-O
	丝氨酸(Ser)
	酪氨酸(Tyr)
N-磷酸化	组氨酸(His)	P-N
	精氨酸(Arg)
	赖氨酸(Lys)
S-磷酸化	谷氨酸(Glu)	P-O
S-磷酸化	天冬氨酸(Asp)	P-O
酰基磷酸化	半胱氨酸(Cys)	P-S

蛋白质磷酸化类型	蛋白质磷酸化位点	化学键
O-磷酸化	苏氨酸(Thr)	P-O
	丝氨酸(Ser)
	酪氨酸(Tyr)
N-磷酸化	组氨酸(His)	P-N
	精氨酸(Arg)
	赖氨酸(Lys)
S-磷酸化	谷氨酸(Glu)	P-O
S-磷酸化	天冬氨酸(Asp)	P-O
酰基磷酸化	半胱氨酸(Cys)	P-S

蛋白	登记号	修饰位点	参考文献
AGPS2	BGIOSGA027135	S13 (i&j)、S17 (i)、S22 (i)、S35 (i)和S36 (i)	Qiu et al., 2016; Pang et al., 2018
AGPL2	BGIOSGA004052	S62 (i)、S381 (i)和T68 (i&j)	Akihiro et al., 2005; Qiu et al., 2016; Pang et al., 2018
GBSSI	BGIOSGA022241	T57 (j)、Y183 (j)、S283 (j)、T298 (j)、T349 (j)、 S358 (j)、P/S415 (j)、S526 (j)和S569 (j)	Zhang et al., 2019b
SSIIa	BGIOSGA022586	S126 (i)	Pang et al., 2018
SSIIIa	BGIOSGA028122	S96 (i&j)	Akihiro et al., 2005; Qiu et al., 2016; Pang et al., 2018
BEI	BGIOSGA020506	S562 (i)、S620 (i)、S814 (i)和S815 (i)	Pang et al., 2018
BEIIb	BGIOSGA006344	S685 (i)和S715 (i)	Pang et al., 2018
PUL	BGIOSGA015875	S154 (i)、S155 (i)和S869 (i)	Pang et al., 2018
Pho1	BGIOSGA009780	S494 (i)、S645 (i)和S124 (j)	Qiu et al., 2016; Pang et al., 2018