高温对玉米生长的影响及中国耐高温玉米筛选研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB24104

植物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1007-1023.DOI: 10.11983/CBB24104 cstr: 32102.14.CBB24104

高温对玉米生长的影响及中国耐高温玉米筛选研究进展

闫恒宇, 李朝霞, 李玉斌^*()

青岛农业大学, 青岛 266109

收稿日期:2024-07-15 接受日期:2024-10-30 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-10-31
通讯作者: *李玉斌, 青岛农业大学农学院教授, 博士生导师。入选中国农业科学院“青年英才计划”A类引进人才。其研究团队在Proc Natl Acad Sci USA、Plant Cell、Plant Physiol和Genetics等主流期刊上发表研究论文30篇。以玉米为研究对象, 针对全球气候变暖导致的夏季高温玉米主产区生产的极度危害, 通过遗传学、基因组学与生物育种学多途径解析玉米耐高温的遗传机理及重要农艺表现, 利用生物育种技术创制玉米耐热新种质, 为培育耐高温玉米提供重要的种质储备和基础遗传材料。E-mail: yubinli@qau.edu.cn
基金资助:
青岛农业大学人才引进专项资金(663/1121029);青岛农业大学高层次人才启动经费(665/1120002)

Research Progress on Heat Stress Impact on Maize Growth and Heat-Tolerant Maize Screening in China

Hengyu Yan, Zhaoxia Li, Yubin Li^*()

Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China

Received:2024-07-15 Accepted:2024-10-30 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-10-31
Contact: *E-mail: yubinli@qau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 气候变化导致的全球平均气温上升严重威胁粮食安全生产, 其中作为全球三大主粮作物之一的玉米(Zea mays)所受影响极为显著。高温在玉米生长发育的多个阶段均产生重要影响, 生殖生长阶段的高温对玉米尤为不利, 能显著降低其产量。该文系统综述了高温对玉米生长的影响, 包括萌发期、苗期、营养生长中后期、开花期和灌浆期, 详尽梳理了玉米响应高温胁迫的主要分子机制(包括热激响应和未折叠蛋白反应等), 总结了我国在耐高温玉米选育方面的最新进展, 通过人工模拟高温处理和田间自然高温筛选, 鉴定出一批耐高温的杂交种和自交系。同时, 在展望未来重要研究策略中, 提出利用表型组学、全基因组关联分析和全基因组选择育种等新技术手段, 结合智能化农业管理措施, 培育高耐热性玉米品种, 以应对气候变化带来的高温挑战, 保障全球粮食安全。

关键词: 玉米, 高温胁迫, 生长发育, 高温响应, 耐高温/高温敏感

Abstract: Climate change-induced global average temperature rise poses a severe threat to food production, in which maize, one of the three major global staple crops, is particularly susceptible to high temperatures. High temperatures significantly impact maize at various stages of its growth and development, especially during the reproductive growth stage, which can drastically reduce maize yields. Here we summarize the effects of high temperatures on maize at different growth stages, including germination, seedling, late vegetative growth, flowering, and grain-filling stages. We also review the main molecular mechanisms by which maize responds to heat stress, including heat shock and unfolded protein responses. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advances in heat-tolerant maize breeding in China. A batch of heat-tolerant hybrids and inbred lines have been identified through artificial high-temperature treatments and open field trials under natural high-temperature. In addition, we proposed important future research strategies in developing heat-tolerance maize, including new technological methods such as phenomics, genome-wide association studies, and genomic selection-based breeding, combined with intelligent agricultural management measures. We aim to cultivate maize varieties with high heat tolerance to cope with the high-temperature challenges brought about by climate change, thereby ensuring global food security.

Key words: maize, heat stress, growth and development, heat response, heat tolerance/susceptibility

闫恒宇, 李朝霞, 李玉斌. 高温对玉米生长的影响及中国耐高温玉米筛选研究进展. 植物学报, 2024, 59(6): 1007-1023.

Hengyu Yan, Zhaoxia Li, Yubin Li. Research Progress on Heat Stress Impact on Maize Growth and Heat-Tolerant Maize Screening in China. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(6): 1007-1023.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB24104

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2024/V59/I6/1007

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年份	高温时期	耐高温评价指标	增温方式	耐高温杂交种	参考文献
2016	花期	产量、百粒重、穗长、穗粗和结实率	大棚增温, 增温后日平均温度和日平均最高温分别比对照高2.5-3.6°C和2.6-4.7°C	起源9号、良硕88、黎乐66、奥玉116和伟科702	于康珂等, 2016
2019	小穗分化期和抽雄期	株高、穗位高和产量相关性状	田间自然高温, 2017年山东乐陵持续高温, 小穗分化期平均气温在32°C以上, 最高温度38.6°C	明科玉77、德发5号、青农11、正大12、裕丰303、金海13和裕丰105	孙武等, 2019
2019		雌雄间隔期、雄穗分枝数、空秆率、畸形穗率、苞叶过短株率、果穗长和秃尖长	田间自然高温, 2018年6-8月平均气温27.6°C, 极端高温达37°C, 且极端高温天数比往年偏多	C1210、郑原玉432、瑞华玉288、京农科738、隆平259、硕秋518、MC708、登海187和先玉1466	任仰涛等, 2019
2020	抽雄吐丝期和开花散粉期	花粉活力	田间人工大棚: 抽雄吐丝期, 白天进行高温处理, 日最高温度不超过40°C; 人工气候室盆栽: 开花散粉期的9-16点, 设置30、35和40°C的温度梯度	郑单309	贾良良等, 2020
2020	大喇叭口后期	雌雄间隔期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、穗粒重和耐高温系数	智能温室的高温处理: 高温处理(36- 41°C)从大喇叭口后期到灌浆期5天, 温度为38-41°C的天数不少于7天	漯玉336、阳光98和豫丰3358耐高温能力强; 郑单958和阳光99的耐高温能力次之	吴伟华等, 2020
2022	大喇叭口期	籽粒产量、穗粒数、结实率、穗长、穗粗、雄穗主轴着生小穗长度和雄穗分枝长度	大棚增温: 持续高温处理7天, 昼夜温度控制在38/28°C (12小时光照/12小时黑暗)	登海111、强盛339、鲁单9088、登海605、德瑞88和登海533	朱亚迪等, 2022
2023	花期	产量、F_v/F_m、叶面积指数和花粉活力	大棚增温方式(平均温度约为35°C)和延迟播种田间自然增温方式(平均温度约为36°C)	苏玉糯2号、中糯2号和苏玉糯901	宋旭东等, 2023

年份	高温时期	耐高温评价指标	增温方式	耐高温杂交种	参考文献
2016	花期	产量、百粒重、穗长、穗粗和结实率	大棚增温, 增温后日平均温度和日平均最高温分别比对照高2.5-3.6°C和2.6-4.7°C	起源9号、良硕88、黎乐66、奥玉116和伟科702	于康珂等, 2016
2019	小穗分化期和抽雄期	株高、穗位高和产量相关性状	田间自然高温, 2017年山东乐陵持续高温, 小穗分化期平均气温在32°C以上, 最高温度38.6°C	明科玉77、德发5号、青农11、正大12、裕丰303、金海13和裕丰105	孙武等, 2019
2019		雌雄间隔期、雄穗分枝数、空秆率、畸形穗率、苞叶过短株率、果穗长和秃尖长	田间自然高温, 2018年6-8月平均气温27.6°C, 极端高温达37°C, 且极端高温天数比往年偏多	C1210、郑原玉432、瑞华玉288、京农科738、隆平259、硕秋518、MC708、登海187和先玉1466	任仰涛等, 2019
2020	抽雄吐丝期和开花散粉期	花粉活力	田间人工大棚: 抽雄吐丝期, 白天进行高温处理, 日最高温度不超过40°C; 人工气候室盆栽: 开花散粉期的9-16点, 设置30、35和40°C的温度梯度	郑单309	贾良良等, 2020
2020	大喇叭口后期	雌雄间隔期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、穗粒重和耐高温系数	智能温室的高温处理: 高温处理(36- 41°C)从大喇叭口后期到灌浆期5天, 温度为38-41°C的天数不少于7天	漯玉336、阳光98和豫丰3358耐高温能力强; 郑单958和阳光99的耐高温能力次之	吴伟华等, 2020
2022	大喇叭口期	籽粒产量、穗粒数、结实率、穗长、穗粗、雄穗主轴着生小穗长度和雄穗分枝长度	大棚增温: 持续高温处理7天, 昼夜温度控制在38/28°C (12小时光照/12小时黑暗)	登海111、强盛339、鲁单9088、登海605、德瑞88和登海533	朱亚迪等, 2022
2023	花期	产量、F_v/F_m、叶面积指数和花粉活力	大棚增温方式(平均温度约为35°C)和延迟播种田间自然增温方式(平均温度约为36°C)	苏玉糯2号、中糯2号和苏玉糯901	宋旭东等, 2023

年份	高温时期	耐高温评价指标	增温方式	耐高温自交系	参考文献
2004	花期	雄穗上着生小花的数目、花粉败育程度和花丝伸长	田间自然高温: 7月35°C且持续8天以上	特耐型: 运系5081和稷土60; 高耐型: 武314、运系98-2、91-367-1、Mg27和870115	王安乐等, 2004
2019	花期	空秆率和结实率	田间自然高温: 花期最高气温≥35°C, 最低温度≥27°C	耐极端高温材料: PHN82; 中等耐热材料: PH5AD、B792、517M、9058、L201、M03、MM501D、BD0753和337	贺正华等, 2019
2019	花期	叶片灼烧程度	田间自然高温: 2017年开花期, ≥35°C的天气多达17天; 2018年开花期, ≥35°C的天气多达19天	L403	曾威, 2019
2019	灌浆期	产量热稳定性和千粒重热感指数	人工模拟高温: 高温处理组平均温度为40.91°C, 正常组的平均温度为32.61°C	PH6WC、PHB1M、海014、武314和九禾6929	李铭东等, 2019
2019	拔节期至散粉期	花粉粒活性、叶绿素和丙二醛含量及叶绿素荧光参数	田间自然高温: 供试材料拔节期至散粉期处于自然>32°C高温环境	PH4CV、15YC18、YZA3、YZA1和PB80	姚启伦等, 2019
2020	花期	空秆率、穗位系数、单株籽粒产量以及雌雄间隔	田间自然高温: 开花期连续3天气温超过33°C	SML11、SML69、SML79、鲜玉糯4号选系、SML48、SML225、紫糯、SWL01、SML354、SML425、沪玉糯3号选系、SML454、SML490、SML498、黄糯、Golden Bantam、h2113、SML1258、SML1543和SML1551	关媛等, 2020
2021	花期	株高、穗位高、果穗空秆率、果穗结实率、相对结实率以及部分穗部性状和籽粒产量	田间自然高温: 2019年7月, 高温>30°C的天数有28天; 高温>35°C的天数有21天。2020年7月, 高温>30°C的天数有30天; 高温>35°C的天数有20天; 2020年7月17-27日, 高温>40°C的天数有8天	极强耐高温材料: GW5F、GW4F、GW7F和PH6WC	杨杰等, 2021
2022	苗期: 幼苗生长至三叶一心	幼苗生长至三叶一心期经38-40°C高温处理后存活天数	人工模拟高温: 38-40°C高温处理	Zheng58、14HF2006、14HF1899和14HF2118	倪燕林, 2022
2022	花期	花粉活力	人工模拟高温: 40°C胁迫处理30、50和70分钟	603、LH196、齐319、785、LH93、L139、4N506、PHWG5、604、KZ123、沈135、武202、LH209、779和PHPR5	贾腾蛟等, 2022
2022	花期	叶片高温半致死温度	大棚增温: 苗期白天棚内最高温度为42°C, 其它时间自然降温, 取第6片真叶; 白天棚内最高温度为40°C, 其它时间自然降温, 取大喇叭口期穗位叶	B29和PH4CV	邢凌云, 2022
2022	苗期和花期	苗期耐热性: 第2片叶在热胁迫下萎蔫长度; 花期耐热性: 花粉活力以及结实率	智能温室高温: 苗期45°C; 花期39°C	苗期耐高温材料: CIMBL41、Chang7-2和Dan340; 花期耐高温材料: CIMBL43、CIMBL107、CIMBL84和M153	胡俊杰, 2022

年份	高温时期	耐高温评价指标	增温方式	耐高温自交系	参考文献
2004	花期	雄穗上着生小花的数目、花粉败育程度和花丝伸长	田间自然高温: 7月35°C且持续8天以上	特耐型: 运系5081和稷土60; 高耐型: 武314、运系98-2、91-367-1、Mg27和870115	王安乐等, 2004
2019	花期	空秆率和结实率	田间自然高温: 花期最高气温≥35°C, 最低温度≥27°C	耐极端高温材料: PHN82; 中等耐热材料: PH5AD、B792、517M、9058、L201、M03、MM501D、BD0753和337	贺正华等, 2019
2019	花期	叶片灼烧程度	田间自然高温: 2017年开花期, ≥35°C的天气多达17天; 2018年开花期, ≥35°C的天气多达19天	L403	曾威, 2019
2019	灌浆期	产量热稳定性和千粒重热感指数	人工模拟高温: 高温处理组平均温度为40.91°C, 正常组的平均温度为32.61°C	PH6WC、PHB1M、海014、武314和九禾6929	李铭东等, 2019
2019	拔节期至散粉期	花粉粒活性、叶绿素和丙二醛含量及叶绿素荧光参数	田间自然高温: 供试材料拔节期至散粉期处于自然>32°C高温环境	PH4CV、15YC18、YZA3、YZA1和PB80	姚启伦等, 2019
2020	花期	空秆率、穗位系数、单株籽粒产量以及雌雄间隔	田间自然高温: 开花期连续3天气温超过33°C	SML11、SML69、SML79、鲜玉糯4号选系、SML48、SML225、紫糯、SWL01、SML354、SML425、沪玉糯3号选系、SML454、SML490、SML498、黄糯、Golden Bantam、h2113、SML1258、SML1543和SML1551	关媛等, 2020
2021	花期	株高、穗位高、果穗空秆率、果穗结实率、相对结实率以及部分穗部性状和籽粒产量	田间自然高温: 2019年7月, 高温>30°C的天数有28天; 高温>35°C的天数有21天。2020年7月, 高温>30°C的天数有30天; 高温>35°C的天数有20天; 2020年7月17-27日, 高温>40°C的天数有8天	极强耐高温材料: GW5F、GW4F、GW7F和PH6WC	杨杰等, 2021
2022	苗期: 幼苗生长至三叶一心	幼苗生长至三叶一心期经38-40°C高温处理后存活天数	人工模拟高温: 38-40°C高温处理	Zheng58、14HF2006、14HF1899和14HF2118	倪燕林, 2022
2022	花期	花粉活力	人工模拟高温: 40°C胁迫处理30、50和70分钟	603、LH196、齐319、785、LH93、L139、4N506、PHWG5、604、KZ123、沈135、武202、LH209、779和PHPR5	贾腾蛟等, 2022
2022	花期	叶片高温半致死温度	大棚增温: 苗期白天棚内最高温度为42°C, 其它时间自然降温, 取第6片真叶; 白天棚内最高温度为40°C, 其它时间自然降温, 取大喇叭口期穗位叶	B29和PH4CV	邢凌云, 2022
2022	苗期和花期	苗期耐热性: 第2片叶在热胁迫下萎蔫长度; 花期耐热性: 花粉活力以及结实率	智能温室高温: 苗期45°C; 花期39°C	苗期耐高温材料: CIMBL41、Chang7-2和Dan340; 花期耐高温材料: CIMBL43、CIMBL107、CIMBL84和M153	胡俊杰, 2022

高温对玉米生长的影响及中国耐高温玉米筛选研究进展

Research Progress on Heat Stress Impact on Maize Growth and Heat-Tolerant Maize Screening in China

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