根尖整体透明技术改良

doi:10.11983/CBB20016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 整体透明观察技术是植物形态发育研究的基础手段之一, 是无需制作切片直接观察植物体内部形态结构的有效方法。该技术采用高折射率介质降低光在样品中的散射, 提高光通量, 增加视野深度, 从而实现组织样品透明观察。然而透明剂能改变透明液的渗透势和pH值, 从而对细胞形态保持产生负面影响。目前, 针对植物叶片和胚珠已建立了相对成熟的整体透明观察体系, 但根尖由于细胞壁较薄, 现有的整体透明方法常导致细胞形态改变, 不确定性增加(如根尖整体形态改变和细胞发生严重的质壁分离)。该研究以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)幼苗为实验材料, 通过检测根尖形态、细胞质壁分离情况和细胞清晰度, 对常用的透明液组分、pH值和透明时间进行优化, 旨在建立一种适用于根尖等较脆弱组织材料的整体透明方法。

关键词: 形态发生, 整体透明, 根尖, 拟南芥

Abstract: Whole mount clearing is a routine method in morphological study, which allows observation of plant internal structure without section. Using high refractive index materials as medium, clearing techniques reduce light scattering, acquire enhancive light quantity and increase depth of field and vertical planes in a particular focal plane, to facilitate the samples transparency for observation. Nevertheless, clearing materials may disturb the osmosis and pH of sample medium, which is adverse to cells morphology. So far, the effective clearing techniques have been widely used in several studies with ovule and leaf. However, the current protocol is not reliable enough for root tip clearing, because the thin cell wall is vulnerable under the treatment of clearing solutions, resulting in abnormal root tips and cells plasmolysis. To achieve a stable and optimized clearing method for root tip, we established a standard protocol via evaluation of root tip morphology, plasmolysis and cells clarity in Arabidopsis thaliana. With these improved clearing methods, we developed an optimized clearing observation system (including clearing time, pH and composition) for root tip, which could provide a reliable technique for vulnerable tissues clearing.

Key words: morphogenesis, whole mount clearing, root tip, Arabidopsis thaliana

马龙, 李桂林, 李师鹏, 蒋苏. 根尖整体透明技术改良. 植物学报, 2020, 55(5): 596-604.

Long Ma, Guilin Li, Shipeng Li, Su Jiang. An Improved Protocol for Whole Mount Clearing of Plant Root Tip. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(5): 596-604.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB20016

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2020/V55/I5/596

图/表 9

表1 原始pH、拟南芥培养基常用pH、中性pH透明液HCG-1和HCG-2

Table 1 Solution HCG-1 and HCG-2 in original pH, the pH used for Arabidopsis thaliana culture and neutral pH

No.	HCG-1
	Composition		pH
1	H₂O	9 mL	1.2
	Chloral hydrate	24 g
	Glycerol	3 mL
2	H₂O	9 mL	5.8
	Chloral hydrate	24 g
	Glycerol	3 mL
3	H₂O	9 mL	7.2
	Chloral hydrate	24 g
	Glycerol	3 mL
	HCG-2
	Composition		pH
4	H₂O	9 mL	1.8
	Chloral hydrate	12 g
	Glycerol	3 mL
5	H₂O	9 mL	5.8
	Chloral hydrate	12 g
	Glycerol	3 mL
6	H₂O	9 mL	7.2
	Chloral hydrate	12 g
	Glycerol	3 mL

图1 拟南芥根尖透明效果界定标准图拟南芥Col-0幼苗根尖形态(A)、伸长区表皮细胞质壁分离程度(B)和静止中心(QC)细胞清晰度(C)的透明效果((A) Bars= 100 μm; (B) Bars=50 μm; (C) Bars=20 μm)。

Figure 1 Criteria of Arabidopsis thaliana root tip clearing Root tips morphology (A), elongation zone epidermal cells plasmolysis (B) and quiescent center (QC) cells clarity (C) of cleared Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 seedlings ((A) Bars=100 μm; (B) Bars=50 μm; (C) Bars=20 μm).

图2 透明时间对拟南芥根尖形态的影响分别采用透明液HCG-1 (A)和HCG-2 (B)对拟南芥幼苗透明5、15和25分钟后形态正常根尖所占比例。

Figure 2 The effects of clearing times on Arabidopsis thaliana root tip morphology Proportion of normal root tips of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings cleared by HCG-1 (A) and HCG-2 (B) for 5, 15, 25 min, respectively.

图3 透明时间对拟南芥根尖静止中心(QC)细胞清晰度的影响分别采用透明液HCG-1 (A)和HCG-2 (B)对拟南芥幼苗透明5、15和25分钟后QC细胞清晰的根尖所占比例。

Figure 3 The effects of clearing times on clarity of quiescent center (QC) cells of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips Proportion of root tips with clear QC cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings cleared by HCG-1 (A) and HCG-2 (B) for 5, 15, 25 min, respectively.

图4 透明时间对拟南芥根尖细胞质壁分离的影响分别采用透明液HCG-1 (A)和HCG-2 (B)对拟南芥幼苗透明5、15和25分钟后根尖伸长区表皮细胞质壁分离比例(* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001)。

Figure 4 The effects of clearing times on plasmolysis of Arabidopsis thaliana root tip cells Proportion of plasmolytic cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings cleared by HCG-1 (A) and HCG-2 (B) for 5, 15, 25 min, respectively (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001).

图5 透明液pH值对拟南芥根尖透明的影响分别采用透明液HCG-1 (A)和HCG-2 (B)在pH1.2/1.8、pH5.8和pH7.2条件下, 对拟南芥幼苗透明5分钟后, 根尖伸长区表皮细胞质壁分离比例和静止中心(QC)细胞清晰的根尖所占比例。不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。Bars=50 μm

Figure 5 The effects of pH values on Arabidopsis thaliana root tip clearing Proportion of plasmolytic cells and proportion of root tips with clear quiescent center (QC) cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings cleared by HCG-1 (A) and HCG-2 (B) for 5 min under pH1.2/1.8, pH5.8, pH7.2, respectively. Different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01). Bars=50 μm

图6 透明液成分配比对拟南芥根尖透明的影响分别采用透明液HCG-1和HCG-2在pH7.2条件下, 对拟南芥幼苗透明5分钟后, 根尖伸长区表皮细胞质壁分离比例和QC细胞清晰的根尖所占比例(** P<0.01, *** P<0.001)。Bars=50 μm

Figure 6 The comparison of solution HCG-1 with HCG-2 on Arabidopsis thaliana root tip clearing Proportion of plasmolytic cells and proportion of root tips with clear QC cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings cleared by HCG-1 and HCG-2 for 5 min under pH7.2 (** P<0.01, *** P< 0.001). Bars=50 μm

图7 三氯乙醛梯度浓度的根尖透明效果对比分别采用饱和三氯乙醛溶液、透明液HCG-1、透明液HCG-2和25%甘油溶液对拟南芥幼苗透明5分钟后的根尖形态。Bars= 50 μm

Figure 7 The comparison of root tips cleared by gradient concentrations of chloral solutions Morphology of root tips of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings cleared by saturated chloral, HCG-1, HCG-2 and 25% glycerol solutions for 5 min, respectively. Bars=50 μm

图8 用不同苗龄拟南芥验证优选透明方案采用透明液HCG-2 (pH7.2)对拟南芥3、9和15日龄幼苗根尖透明5分钟。Bars=50 μm

Figure 8 Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in different growth stages were used to identify the optimized protocol 3-day-old, 9-day-old and 15-day-old seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were cleared by HCG-2 (pH7.2) for 5 min. Bars=50 μm

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