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Hosted by:Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sponsored by:Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Botanical Society of China
Co-hosted by:Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan AgriculturalAcademy
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University
State Key Laboratory of Crops Biology, Shandong Agricultural University
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Table of Content
- Effect of Amino Acid Site Mutation on the Structure and Function of Phytochrome B in Arabidopsis thaliana
- Yanxiao Chen, Yaping Li, Jinjun Zhou, Lixia Xie, Yongbin Peng, Wei Sun, Yanan He, Conghui Jiang, Zenglan Wang, Zhongke Zheng, Xianzhi Xie
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB23074
- Abstract ( 99 ) PDF (1267KB) ( 143 ) Save
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- Establishment of A Regeneration System for Lunaria annua
- Hao Zeng, Peifang Li, Zhihui Guo, Chunlin Liu, Ying Ruan
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB23094
- Abstract ( 60 ) PDF (888KB) ( 78 ) Save
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- Establishment of a fast breeding system for Ito hybrid 'He Xie' in group culture
- Min Kang, Meiying Zhang, Xiushuang Qi, Yang Li, Qingyan Shu, Zhengan Liu, Changping Lv, Liping Peng
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB23105
- Abstract ( 50 ) PDF (920KB) ( 63 ) Save
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- A Comprehensive Overview of the Studies on the Gene Function in Pteridophytes
- Fengpan Wang, Zhaoxuan Zhong, Lijun Chen, Jiangping Shu, Yuehong Yan
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB23090
- Abstract ( 103 ) PDF (1564KB) ( 181 ) Save
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- Genetic Basis of Variation of Flowering Time in Tibetan Arabidopsis thaliana
- Jixuan Yang, Xuefei Wang, Hongya Gu
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB23140
- Abstract ( 123 ) PDF (959KB) ( 121 ) Save
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- Identification and functional analysis of an Agropyron mongolicum caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase AmCOMT1
- Jinyu Du, Zhen Sun, Yanlong Su, Heping Wang, Yaling Liu, Zhenying Wu, Feng He, Yan Zhao, Chunxiang Fu
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB24013
- Abstract ( 21 ) PDF (1930KB) ( 32 ) Save
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- Inheritance Analysis of Flower Size and Expression of Related Genes in Petunia
- Miaomiao Sun, Wei Zhang, Linxia Zhang, Zhineng Li, Guofeng Liu
- Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2024, 59(3): 0-0. doi:10.11983/CBB23141
- Abstract ( 17 ) PDF (1777KB) ( 33 ) Save
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Organisms have evolved different photoreceptors in
order to adapt to the ever-changing conditions of the external light
environment. Among them, photochrome is one of classic plant photoreceptors,
mainly perceiving red and far-red light.
Phytochrome detects red and far-red light through the light conversion between
the dark-adapted Pr state and the light-activated Pfr state. All plant
phytochromes have a conserved N-terminal photoreceptor region and a C-terminal regulatory
region. The N-terminal includes NTE, PAS, GAF and PHY subdomains, while
C-terminal includes two PAS domains and a histidine kinase-related domain
(HKRD). In order to further understand how the structure of photochromes
controls its function, many photochrome-deficient derivatives and amino acid
site mutants have been obtained and fully studied. It has been found that the
N-terminal domain plays important roles in the spectral properties, light
signal perception and light signal transduction of phyB. The C-terminal domain
is believed to be essential for dimerization and nuclear localization of
photochrome. This paper mainly reviews the mutations of amino acid sites in
various subdomains of phyB in Arabidopsis thaliana and their effects on
the function of phyB, in order to have a deeper understanding of the structure
and functional regulation of phytochrome B. It lays a foundation for future
crops to obtain desired physiological characteristics through gene editing.
In order to establish an in vitro regeneration system for Lunaria annua L., its real leaves were used as explants to study the effects of sterilization
conditions, phytohormone combinations and concentrations on the induction of
callus, adventitious shoots and adventitious roots differentiation; the effects
of rooting methods on the growth of seedlings and young plants were further
explored. The results showed that the best disinfection treatment for leaf
explants was using a combination of 75% alcohol for 45 seconds and 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 6 minutes. The most suitable medium for induction of real leaf callus and differentiation of
adventitious shoots was MS + 0.5mg•L-1 6-BA + 2.0mg•L-1 2,4-D. The induction rate of
callus reached 93.37% and the differentiation rate of adventitious shoots
reached 84.08%. The best rooting medium was MS + 0.1mg•L-1 NAA, and the time from inoculating leaf explants to
obtaining regenerated plants was about 90 days. In this study, a stable
regeneration system was established for the first time, which laid a foundation
for the full development and utilization of Lunaria annua L. resources
and the excavation of functional genes.
Establishment of an in vitro
rapid propagation system using scale buds of Itoh hybrids 'He Xie' as materials, can overcome its shortcomings of the traditional
breeding methods, accelerate the breeding and promotion of excellent Ito hybrid
varieties. In this study, the buds of 'He Xie' was used as explants, different
factors including treatments of disinfection time,
PGRs concentration and root induction time, and different rooted seedling
grades were investigated for the respectively effects on the initiation,
proliferation, rooting and domestication of 'He Xie' by using one-way
experimental design. The results showed that the optimal disinfection time of
buds by 2% sodium hypochlorite solution was 12 min, and the contamination rate
was 9.09%; the optimal initial culture medium was MS +
1.5 mg•L-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg•L-1 GA3 + 0.5 mg•L-1 +AgNO3; the optimal proliferation culture medium was MS + 450 mg•L-1 CaCl2 + 0.5 mg•L-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg•L-1 IBA + 0.2
mg•L-1 GA3 + 0.5 mg•L-1 AgNO3 with
a proliferation rate of 3.3; rootless seedlings were cultured on root induction
medium 1/2 MS + 1.0 mg•L-1 putrescine + 2.0 mg•L-1 IBA for
8 d at 4°C in dark with refrigeration and then 30 d at room temperature in
light, further transferred to root formation medium 1/2 MS + 1.0 g•L-1 AC, after being cultured 20 d, the rooting rate was 66.7%. Then, Seedlings were
transplanted on a substrate of perlite: vermiculite: charcoal soil = 1:1:1
(v/v/v), with the highest transplant survival rate of 52.0% for first-grade
rooted seedlings after 60 days of transplanting, while most of the second- and
third-grade seedlings were dead, suggesting that the quality of rooting is
critical for transplant survival.
Pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) are the second most diverse lineage of
vascular plants on the earth, exceeded only by angiosperms. These plants share
several morphological and physiological traits with other vascular and
sporophyte plants, and play a vital role in the evolutionary progression of
land plants from lower to higher forms. Pteridophytes exhibit many unique
biological processes different from other plant groups, and play a pivotal role
in the study of plant genome evolution, organ development, reproductive
phenomena, and adaptation to changing environment. The swift advancement and
implementation of modern sequencing technology has greatly accelerated the
sequencing and assembly of whole genomes, and greatly promoted the exploration
gene function of pteridophytes. To gain an enhanced comprehension of the
present interesting fields and noteworthy development in functional genomics
research of pteridophytes, this article provides a thorough overview of the
functional investigation of pteridophyte genes from various perspectives. It
mainly focuses on the development of organs, reproductive processes,
adaptability to the environment, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. It
presents a systematic exploration of the molecular functions of multiple genes,
highlighting the practical implementation of gene function research in clarifying
the unique biological processes specific to pteridophytes. This highlights the
significance of investigating the unique biological phenomena of pteridophytes
at the molecular level, as it facilitates a better understanding and
utilization of this diverse group of plants. In addition, this article puts
forward several recommendations on how to expedite the research on gene function
of pteridophytes, and to take advantage of molecular function studies in
exploring the biological characteristics of terrestrial plants and expanding
the application scope of pteridophytes.
Flowering
time is a critical point in the life history of angiosperm plants. Arabidopsis thaliana of the Brassicaceae is
widely distributed around the world, and natural populations of this species
have been found at 4,000 m altitude in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The unique
plateau climate has shaped their life history phenotypes, including moderately
early in flowering time. In this study, we constructed F2 mapping
population and utilized whole-genome sequencing-based QTL-seq analysis to
locate the major effect gene FLC in Lhasa
population of A. thaliana, and identified a deletion of 2,307 bp within the first
intron of FLC, which is a haplotype
unique to Tibetan A. thaliana. Lhasa population flc-/- mutant was constructed
by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique. The mutant exhibited significantly
earlier flowering time. The above findings suggest that the variation
in the first intron of FLC in Tibetan A. thaliana could be one of the
main reasons for the early flowering phenotype, although it does not lose its
function completely. This variation may facilitate the adaptation of Tibetan A. thaliana to the
unique climatic environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Agropyron mongolicum is
one of northern China’s most representative perennial forage grasses, showing strong
tolerance to cold and drought. In plants, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key gene involved in the biosynthesis of lignin and
melatonin, and plays an important role in regulating plant growth, biomass
quality, and stress resistance. In this study, through the analysis of the
full-length transcriptome data of Agropyron mongolicum, the COMT candidate gene AmCOMT1 was cloned. AmCOMT1 is highly expressed in
tissues with high lignin content, such as stem and root, and its expression is
induced by a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salt.
Expression of AmCOMT1 in Arabidopsis wild type (Col-0) and mutant
(omt1-2) significantly promoted the synthesis of lignin in transgenic
Arabidopsis, restoring the lignin content and composition of the mutant to
wildtype level and the lignin content in Col-0/35S:AmCOMT1 was
increased by 11%. In addition, overexpression of AmCOMT1 increased the
melatonin content in Col-0/35S:AmCOMT1 transgenic Arabidopsis.
Under salt stress conditions, the average root length of this strain increased
by 20.3% compared to the wildtype, showing higher stress resistance. In this
study, we identified AmCOMT1 from Agropyron mongolicum as a key gene
regulating both lignin biosynthesis and melatonin biosynthesis, improving the
stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Our results highlighted the
application potential of AmCOMT1 in genetic improvement of forage
grasses through molecular breeding.
Flower size is a key factor in plant evolution and speciation, and also an important
trait that determines plant ornamental value, so it is of great scientific
significance and practical value to study the inheritance law and regulatory
mechanism of floral size. To clarify the inheritance law of flower size in
petunia, the inbred lines and wild species of petunia with different flower
sizes were used to make cross combinations and construct genetic populations in
this study, including large-flowered line × medium-flowered lines (W × S26 and
W × S) and large-flowered line × small-flowered line (W × S6). The results
showed that all F1 generation of W × S26 were large-flowered plants, while the flower size appeared separation in F2 population with the ratio between large- and medium-flowered
individuals of about 3:1, and the segregation ratio between large- and
medium-flowered plants was close to 1:1 in the BC1 backcross
population. For the W × S combination, all F1 individuals were
large-flowered, while the flower size appeared separation in the F2 population, with large- to medium-flowered plants close to 2:1. The F1 progenies of W × S6 are all medium-flowed plants, while the flower size of the
F2 generation showed evident variation and continuous distribution. Performing
mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model analysis, the optimal models
for W × S26 and W × S combination were 1MG-AD and 2MG-EAD respectively,
according to the standard of minimum AIC value. It is reasonable to conclude
that the large flower trait of the inbred line W is controlled by a single
dominant gene related to the middle flower trait of S26, whereas the large
flower of the inbred line W is controlled by two semi-dominant genes related to
the small flower of the inbred line S. In addition, nine genes that may
regulate flower size of petunia were selected based on the transcriptomic
analysis of large and small flowers, and their expression levels were detected
in the petals of various strains with different flower sizes by qPCR. The
results showed that the expression levels of cytokinin receptor gene PhHK and
Type-A RRs in response to cytokinin signal were generally higher in
large flowers than in medium and small flowers, suggesting that cytokinin
signaling pathway may be a key factor involved in regulating the large flower
trait in petunia.