植物细胞壁参与免疫反应的机制及其原位非标记成像方法

doi:10.11983/CBB25034

植物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 773-785.DOI: 10.11983/CBB25034 cstr: 32102.14.CBB25034

植物细胞壁参与免疫反应的机制及其原位非标记成像方法

王笑¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 徐昌文¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 钱虹萍¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 李思博¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 林金星¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 崔亚宁¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 林木遗传育种全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
²北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心, 北京 100083
³北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 树木花卉育种生物工程国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083
⁴北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-03-03 接受日期:2025-05-07 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-05-14
通讯作者: *E-mail: cuiyaning@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32370740);国家自然科学基金(32000483);北京市科技新星计划(20230484251);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B13007)

Mechanisms Involving Plant Cell Walls in the Immune Response and Its In Situ Non-labeled Imaging Technique

Wang Xiao¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Xu Changwen¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Qian Hongping¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Li Sibo¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Lin Jinxing¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Cui Yaning¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹National Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³Key Laboratory of Bioengineering for Tree and Flower Breeding, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
⁴College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-03-03 Accepted:2025-05-07 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-05-14
Contact: *E-mail: cuiyaning@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物细胞壁由纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和木质素等成分构成, 是一个动态变化的网络结构, 不仅在植物抵御外界压力和适应环境变化过程中发挥关键防线作用, 还在信号传递过程中作为信息枢纽。当细胞壁受损后, 细胞会感知细胞壁变化并做出早期免疫响应, 如激素变化、壁成分与修饰改变以及抗病次生代谢产物的生成。尽管细胞壁在植物免疫中的重要性已得到广泛认可, 但对于细胞壁损伤引发免疫反应的具体分子机制仍然知之甚少。原位非标记成像技术在植物细胞中的应用逐渐增多, 成为研究细胞壁结构与功能的重要手段。该文综述了植物细胞壁与免疫反应之间的相互作用机制研究进展, 为深入理解植物生命活动规律和提高作物病害抵抗能力提供科学依据; 同时介绍了细胞壁原位非标记成像技术, 为推进细胞壁在免疫反应中的作用研究提供更多技术选择。

关键词: 植物细胞壁, 植物免疫, 信号感知与传递, 原位非标记成像技术

Abstract: The plant cell wall, which is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin, is a dynamically changing network structure, that not only plays the role of a key line of defense in the process of plant resistance to external pressure and adaptation to environmental changes, but also plays the role of an information hub in the process of signal transmission. When the cell wall is damaged, cells sense cell wall changes and initiate early immune responses, such as hormonal changes, alterations in wall composition and modifications, and the production of disease-resistant secondary metabolites. Although the importance of the cell wall in plant immunity is widely recognized, the specific molecular mechanisms by which cell wall damage triggers immune responses remain poorly understood. The application of in situ unlabeled imaging techniques in plant cells is gradually increasing and has become an important tool for studying cell wall structure and function. This paper describes the interaction mechanism between the plant cell wall and the immune response to provide a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of plant life activities and improve crop disease resistance, and describes in situ non-labeled imaging of the cell wall to provide more technological options for advancing the study of the cell wall in the immune response.

Key words: plant cell wall, plant immunity, signal sensing and transmission, in situ non-labeled imaging techniques

王笑, 徐昌文, 钱虹萍, 李思博, 林金星, 崔亚宁. 植物细胞壁参与免疫反应的机制及其原位非标记成像方法. 植物学报, 2025, 60(5): 773-785.

Wang Xiao, Xu Changwen, Qian Hongping, Li Sibo, Lin Jinxing, Cui Yaning. Mechanisms Involving Plant Cell Walls in the Immune Response and Its In Situ Non-labeled Imaging Technique. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(5): 773-785.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB25034

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2025/V60/I5/773

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	基因(编码蛋白)	作用	识别病原体后的变化	参考文献
纤维素	CesA (cellulose synthase)	正向调节纤维素合成	下调, 纤维素合成减少	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2024
半纤维素	GMT (glucomannan 4β-mannosyltransferase) GGT (galactomannan galactosyltransferase) XXT (xyloglucan xylosyltransferase) XYN (endo-1,4-β-xylanase)	正向调节半纤维素合成	下调, 半纤维素合成减少	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2024
半纤维素	XYLa (1,4-α-xylosidase) GS (α-galactosidase)	正向调节半纤维素降解	上调, 半纤维素降解增多
果胶	GAE (UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase) GAUT1/7 (galacturonosyltransferase 1/7) RGXT (rhamnogalacturonan II xylosyltransferase) ARAD (arabinose transferase) PMT (pectin methyltransferase)	正向调节果胶合成	下调, 果胶合成减少	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2024
果胶	PG (polygalacturonase) PaL (pectin lyase)	正向调节果胶裂解	上调, 果胶降解增多
木质素	PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) HCT (p-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase) CCoAOMT (caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase) COMT (caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferase) SAD (synaptic dehydrogenase) GT (glucosyltransferase) CAD1 (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1)	正向调节木质素合成	上调, 木质素合成增多	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Li et al., 2024a; Molina et al., 2024
水杨酸合成	ICS1 (isochorismate synthase 1) PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) PAD4 (phytoalexin-deficient 4) EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility 1) SAGT1 (salicylic acid glucosyltransferase 1) BSMT1 (benzoic acid and salicylic acid methyltransferase 1)	与水杨酸(SA)合成相关, 参与植物防御反应	ICS1、PAD4、EDS1和SAGT1上调/BSMT1下调, SA合成增多	Silverman et al., 1995; Wildermuth et al., 2001; Dong et al., 2024
茉莉酸合成	VSP1 (vegetative storage protein 1) LOX1 (lipoxygenase 1) MYC2 (myelocytomatosis protein 2) AOC (allene oxide cyclase)	与茉莉酸(JA)合成相关, 参与植物防御反应	VSP1、LOX1和AOC上调/MYC2下调, JA合成增多	Wasternack and Strnad, 2016; Dong et al., 2024
乙烯合成	ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase)	与乙烯(ET)合成相关, 参与植物防御反应	上调, ET合成增多	Alonso et al., 2024
抗病次生代谢产物	PR (pathogenesis-related) PDF (plant defensin)	与抗病次生代谢产物生成有关	上调, 防御素和凝集素合成增多	Babosha, 2008; Rawat et al., 2017

	基因(编码蛋白)	作用	识别病原体后的变化	参考文献
纤维素	CesA (cellulose synthase)	正向调节纤维素合成	下调, 纤维素合成减少	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2024
半纤维素	GMT (glucomannan 4β-mannosyltransferase) GGT (galactomannan galactosyltransferase) XXT (xyloglucan xylosyltransferase) XYN (endo-1,4-β-xylanase)	正向调节半纤维素合成	下调, 半纤维素合成减少	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2024
半纤维素	XYLa (1,4-α-xylosidase) GS (α-galactosidase)	正向调节半纤维素降解	上调, 半纤维素降解增多
果胶	GAE (UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase) GAUT1/7 (galacturonosyltransferase 1/7) RGXT (rhamnogalacturonan II xylosyltransferase) ARAD (arabinose transferase) PMT (pectin methyltransferase)	正向调节果胶合成	下调, 果胶合成减少	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Molina et al., 2024
果胶	PG (polygalacturonase) PaL (pectin lyase)	正向调节果胶裂解	上调, 果胶降解增多
木质素	PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) HCT (p-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase) CCoAOMT (caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase) COMT (caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferase) SAD (synaptic dehydrogenase) GT (glucosyltransferase) CAD1 (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1)	正向调节木质素合成	上调, 木质素合成增多	Wojtasik et al., 2016; Li et al., 2024a; Molina et al., 2024
水杨酸合成	ICS1 (isochorismate synthase 1) PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) PAD4 (phytoalexin-deficient 4) EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility 1) SAGT1 (salicylic acid glucosyltransferase 1) BSMT1 (benzoic acid and salicylic acid methyltransferase 1)	与水杨酸(SA)合成相关, 参与植物防御反应	ICS1、PAD4、EDS1和SAGT1上调/BSMT1下调, SA合成增多	Silverman et al., 1995; Wildermuth et al., 2001; Dong et al., 2024
茉莉酸合成	VSP1 (vegetative storage protein 1) LOX1 (lipoxygenase 1) MYC2 (myelocytomatosis protein 2) AOC (allene oxide cyclase)	与茉莉酸(JA)合成相关, 参与植物防御反应	VSP1、LOX1和AOC上调/MYC2下调, JA合成增多	Wasternack and Strnad, 2016; Dong et al., 2024
乙烯合成	ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase)	与乙烯(ET)合成相关, 参与植物防御反应	上调, ET合成增多	Alonso et al., 2024
抗病次生代谢产物	PR (pathogenesis-related) PDF (plant defensin)	与抗病次生代谢产物生成有关	上调, 防御素和凝集素合成增多	Babosha, 2008; Rawat et al., 2017

技术	优点	缺点	应用	参考文献
傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared, FTIR)	无损, 可获得多维信息, 适用范围广	空间分辨率受限, 水吸收影响成像, 不适合活体成像	研究细胞壁成分特性, 研究发育和抗病过程中的成分变化	Song et al., 2023; Das et al., 2024; Zhu et al., 2024
共聚焦拉曼光谱成像(confocal Raman microscopy, CRM)	高光谱和空间分辨率, 非侵入性, 分辨率可达微米级	成像速度慢, 拉曼散射效应弱, 荧光背景干扰限制成像质量	监测细胞壁成分变化	Jin et al., 2019; He et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2023
受激拉曼光谱成像(stimulated Raman scattering, SRS)	高成像速度, 可进行定量分析, 具有高空间分辨率和高信噪比	对待测物质丰度要求高, 设备成本高	实时监测高度动态过程中的细胞壁成分与结构变化	Zhu et al., 2019; Yao et al., 2024

技术	优点	缺点	应用	参考文献
傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared, FTIR)	无损, 可获得多维信息, 适用范围广	空间分辨率受限, 水吸收影响成像, 不适合活体成像	研究细胞壁成分特性, 研究发育和抗病过程中的成分变化	Song et al., 2023; Das et al., 2024; Zhu et al., 2024
共聚焦拉曼光谱成像(confocal Raman microscopy, CRM)	高光谱和空间分辨率, 非侵入性, 分辨率可达微米级	成像速度慢, 拉曼散射效应弱, 荧光背景干扰限制成像质量	监测细胞壁成分变化	Jin et al., 2019; He et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2023
受激拉曼光谱成像(stimulated Raman scattering, SRS)	高成像速度, 可进行定量分析, 具有高空间分辨率和高信噪比	对待测物质丰度要求高, 设备成本高	实时监测高度动态过程中的细胞壁成分与结构变化	Zhu et al., 2019; Yao et al., 2024

植物细胞壁参与免疫反应的机制及其原位非标记成像方法

Mechanisms Involving Plant Cell Walls in the Immune Response and Its In Situ Non-labeled Imaging Technique

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