不同熟期玉米叶片衰老特性及其对叶际细菌的影响

doi:10.11983/CBB24037

植物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1024-1040.DOI: 10.11983/CBB24037 cstr: 32102.14.CBB24037

所属专题：玉米生物学与分子设计（2024年59卷6期）

不同熟期玉米叶片衰老特性及其对叶际细菌的影响

杨文丽¹^,²^,³^,^†, 李钊³^,^†, 刘志铭², 张志华³, 杨今胜², 吕艳杰¹^,²^,^*(), 王永军¹^,²^,^*()

¹吉林农业大学农学院, 长春 130118
²吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 长春 130033
³吉林大学植物科学学院/吉林省植物遗传改良工程实验室, 长春 130062

收稿日期:2024-03-09 接受日期:2024-05-27 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-06-11
通讯作者: *吕艳杰, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事玉米栽培生理研究。E-mail: lvyanjie_1977@163.com;王永军, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为玉米生理生态。E-mail: yjwang2004@126.com
作者简介:
†共同第一作者
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划(20220508096RC);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301703);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS- 02-19);国家自然科学基金(U23A6001-01)

Senescence Characteristics of Maize Leaves at Different Maturity Stages and Their Effect on Phyllosphere Bacteria

Wenli Yang¹^,²^,³^,^†, Zhao Li³^,^†, Zhiming Liu², Zhihua Zhang³, Jinsheng Yang², Yanjie Lü¹^,²^,^*(), Yongjun Wang¹^,²^,^*()

¹College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
²Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Tillage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
³Jilin Plant Genetic Improvement Engineering Laboratory/School of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China

Received:2024-03-09 Accepted:2024-05-27 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-06-11
Contact: *E-mail: lvyanjie_1977@163.com;yjwang2004@126.com
About author:
†These authors contributed equally to this paper

1. 附录.pdf(688KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 叶片作为植物的光合器官, 其衰老进程对于产量形成有重要影响, 但关于叶片衰老与叶际微生物之间的关系研究较少。为探讨玉米(Zea mays)叶片衰老过程对叶际细菌群落的影响, 以东北春玉米区3个不同熟期玉米品种(早熟品种黑科玉17 (H17)、中熟品种中单111 (Z111)和晚熟品种沈玉21 (S21))为试验材料, 从早熟品种开花期开始对3个玉米品种穗位叶进行5次取样, 测定衰老生理指标, 同时基于高通量测序技术测定叶际内源和外源细菌的群落组成。结果表明,在生育后期, 中熟和晚熟品种的叶片含水量及过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于早熟品种。在门水平, 蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)是中熟和晚熟的特有菌门; 在属水平, 玉米叶片内外源共有细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)和异常球菌属(Deinococcus)相对丰度在IV和V时期显著降低, 而内源细菌链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和外源细菌P3OB-42属则在衰老后期显著富集, 且3个品种变化趋势相似, 相对丰度差异显著。内外源细菌相对丰度存在显著差异, 前5位的外源细菌占60%以上, 而对内源细菌而言, 前5位仅占30%以上。叶片可溶性糖含量、光合色素含量和SOD活性与叶际细菌群落结构和丰富度显著相关。综上, 中熟和晚熟品种能有效延长叶片持绿期, 维持生育后期叶片生理活性, 延缓衰老。衰老对内源细菌群落组成和多样性的影响显著大于外源细菌, 不同熟期品种间存在显著分异的菌属, 且叶片可溶性糖含量、光合色素含量和SOD活性是影响叶际细菌群落以及优势物种的关键因子。

关键词: 玉米, 熟期, 叶片衰老, 叶际细菌, 群落组成

Abstract: Leaf, as a photosynthetic organ of crops, its senescence process has an important impact on yield formation, but the relationship between leaf senescence and phyllosphere microorganisms has been less studied. In order to explore the impact of the senescence process of maize leaves on the phyllosphere bacterial community, this study used three maize varieties of different maturity time (early-maturation variety Heike Yu 17 (H17), mid-maturation variety Zhongdan 111 (Z111), and late-maturation variety Shen Yu 21 (S21) in Northeast China as the experimental materials, and the leaves of the ear position of the three maize varieties were sampled five times starting from the blooming stage of early- maturation varieties, and the physiological indexes of senescence were determined. And at the same time, the community composition of endogenous and exogenous bacteria in/on the leaves was determined based on high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that at the late reproductive stage, leaf water content, POD and SOD activities were significantly higher in the mid- and late-maturation varieties than in the early-maturation varieties. At the phylum level, Cyanobacteria were endemic to mid- and late-maturation cultivars; at the genus level, the relative abundance of the endogenous shared bacteria Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, and Deinococcus in maize leaves decreased significantly at later stages of maturation (IV and V). The relative abundance of endogenous bacteria Streptomyces and exogenous bacteria P3OB-42 were significantly enriched in the late senescence period, with similar trends and significant differences in relative abundance among the three species. The relative abundance of endogenous and exogenous bacteria differed significantly, with the top 5 exogenous bacteria accounting for more than 60%, while for endogenous bacteria, the top 5 accounted for only more than 30%. Soluble sugar content, photosynthetic pigment content and SOD activity were significantly correlated with bacterial community structure and abundance. In conclusion, mid- and late-maturation varieties were effective in prolonging leaf greening period, maintaining late leaf physiological activity with delaying senescence. The effects of senescence on the composition and diversity of endogenous bacterial communities were significantly greater than those of exogenous bacteria, and there were significantly different genera among three maize varieties studied. Moreover, soluble sugar content, photosynthetic pigment content and SOD activity were the key factors affecting the phyllosphere bacterial communities as well as the dominant species.

Key words: maize, ripening stage, leaf senescence, phyllosphere microbes, community composition

杨文丽, 李钊, 刘志铭, 张志华, 杨今胜, 吕艳杰, 王永军. 不同熟期玉米叶片衰老特性及其对叶际细菌的影响. 植物学报, 2024, 59(6): 1024-1040.

Wenli Yang, Zhao Li, Zhiming Liu, Zhihua Zhang, Jinsheng Yang, Yanjie Lü, Yongjun Wang. Senescence Characteristics of Maize Leaves at Different Maturity Stages and Their Effect on Phyllosphere Bacteria. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(6): 1024-1040.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB24037

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2024/V59/I6/1024

图/表 10

图1 三个玉米品种叶片在不同取样时间的表型 (A) IV取样时间点的玉米整株(bar=20 cm); (B) IV取样时间点的穗位叶(bar=10 cm); (C) 不同时期叶面积指数的变化

Figure 1 Leaf phenotype of three maize varieties at different sampling times (A) Whole maize plant at the sampling time point IV (bar=20 cm); (B) Ear leaf at the sampling time point IV (bar=10 cm); (C) Changes in leaf area index at different sampling period

表1 三个玉米品种的叶片衰老特性

Table 1 Leaf senescence characteristics of three maize varieties

Hybrids	Senescence equation	Fit coefficient (R²)	Senescence traits parameter
Hybrids	Senescence equation	Fit coefficient (R²)	RGLAM (%)	V_m(%)	V_max(%)	T_s(days)	T_max(days)
H17	y=e^{4.2169-0.0823}^x/(1+e^{4.2169-0.0823}^x)	0.9918	20.60	1.19	2.06	10.88	51.2
Z111	y=e^{4.0155-0.0744}^x/(1+e^{4.0155-0.0744}^x)	0.9935	40.69	0.89	1.86	11.20	54.0
S21	y=e^{3.7835-0.0655}^x/(1+e^{3.7835-0.0655}^x)	0.9954	47.61	0.78	1.64	12.30	57.8

图2 三个不同玉米品种叶片生理生化指标分析 SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; POD: 过氧化物酶; MDA: 丙二醛; TC: 全碳。* 表示在同一取样时期3个品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Figure 2 Analysis of leaf physiological and biochemical indexes of three maize varieties SOD: Superoxide dismutase; POD: Peroxidase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; TC: Total carbon. * indicate significant differences among the three varieties at the same sampling period (P<0.05).

图3 三个玉米品种叶片在不同发育时期叶际微生物的变化 (A) 不同样品中内源细菌扩增子序列变体(ASVs)总数; (B) 不同样品中外源细菌ASVs总数; (C) 不同样品中内源细菌共有ASVs; (D) 不同样品中外源细菌共有ASVs; (E) 不同样品中内源细菌群落Chao1多样性指数; (F) 不同样品中外源细菌群落Chao1多样性指数; (G) 不同样品中内源细菌群落Shannon多样性指数; (H) 不同样品中外源细菌群落Shannon多样性指数。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同发育时期间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Figure 3 Changes of leaf microorganisms of three maize varieties in different development periods (A) Total number of endogenous bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in different samples; (B) Total number of exogenous bacterial ASVs in different samples; (C) Endogenous bacterial shared ASVs in different samples; (D) Exogenous bacterial shared ASVs in different samples; (E) Chao1 diversity index of endogenous bacterial communities in different samples; (F) Chao1 diversity index of exogenous bacterial communities in different samples; (G) Shannon’s diversity index of endogenous bacterial communities in different samples; (H) Shannon’s diversity index of exogenous bacterial communities in different samples. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different development periods of the same species (P<0.05).

图4 不同熟期品种玉米在不同发育时间点叶际微生物群落间的相关性 (A)-(C) 三个玉米品种叶际内源细菌群落的相关性; (D)-(F) 三个玉米品种叶际外源细菌群落的相关性。饼状图和颜色代表Pearson相关系数值。

Figure 4 Correlation among leaf microbial communities of three maize varieties at different development time points (A)-(C) Correlation of endogenous bacterial communities in leaves of three maize varieties; (D)-(F) Correlation of exogenous bacterial communities in leaves of three maize varieties. Pie charts and colors represent Pearson correlation coefficient values.

图5 三个玉米品种叶片微生物群落组成 (A) 内源细菌门水平群落组成; (B) 外源细菌门水平群落组成; (C) 内源细菌属水平群落组成; (D) 外源细菌属水平群落组成; (E) 内源细菌属水平优势群落组成(虚线框内表示特异优势菌属, 虚线框外表示与外源细菌共有的优势菌属); (F) 外源细菌属水平优势群落组成(虚线框内表示特异优势菌属, 虚线框外表示与内源细菌共有的优势菌属)。

Figure 5 Leaf microbial community composition of 3 maize varieties at different maturity stages (A) The community composition of endogenous bacteria at the phylum level; (B) The community composition of exogenous bacteria at the phylum level; (C) The community composition of endogenous bacteria at the genus level; (D) The community composition of exogenous bacteria at the genus level; (E) Composition of horizontally dominant communities of endogenous bacterial genera (the dashed box indicate specific dominant genera, and outside the dashed box indicate dominant genera shared with exogenous bacteria); (F) Composition of horizontally dominant communities of exogenous bacterial genera (the dashed box indicate specific dominant genera, and outside the dashed box indicate dominant genera shared with endogenous bacteria).

表2 三个玉米品种在不同时期(I-V)内源细菌共现网络属性参数

Table 2 Properties of endogenous bacterial co-occurrence network attributes in three maize varieties at different periods (I-V)

Samples	Nodes	Edges	Density	Average path length
I-H17	14	20	0.235	1.812
I-Z111	19	27	0.171	2.417
I-S21	19	32	0.222	2.625
II-H17	22	40	0.253	2.633
II-Z111	18	31	0.298	2.252
II-S21	21	34	0.258	2.717
III-H17	25	46	0.275	2.771
III-Z111	29	41	0.329	2.256
III-S21	27	37	0.278	2.820
IV-H17	21	38	0.202	2.157
IV-Z111	22	30	0.125	2.160
IV-S21	22	34	0.184	2.638
V-H17	15	22	0.195	1.447
V-Z111	18	28	0.185	1.707
V-S21	19	33	0.122	1.612

表3 三个玉米品种在不同时期(I-V)外源细菌共现网络属性参数

Table 3 Properties of exogenous bacterial co-occurrence network attributes in three maize varieties at different periods (I-V)

Samples	Nodes	Edges	Density	Average path length
I-H17	63	184	0.039	2.466
I-Z111	65	160	0.040	2.937
I-S21	53	130	0.037	2.445
II-H17	77	212	0.045	2.101
II-Z111	84	289	0.048	1.993
II-S21	89	371	0.056	2.161
III-H17	150	632	0.056	3.481
III-Z111	138	599	0.065	3.483
III-S21	136	605	0.067	3.300
IV-H17	120	321	0.051	3.139
IV-Z111	95	144	0.037	2.676
IV-S21	81	125	0.049	2.743
V-H17	85	127	0.033	2.559
V-Z111	92	127	0.031	2.595
V-S21	74	117	0.040	2.632

图6 三个玉米品种在不同生育期叶片理化性质与叶际微生物的关系 (A) 叶片理化性质与细菌多样性的相关性(E: 内源; F: 外源); (B) 叶片理化性质与叶片内源和外源细菌群落结构的Mantel相关关系; (C) 内源细菌优势物种与叶片理化性质的相关性分析; (D) 外源细菌优势物种与叶片理化性质的相关性分析。POD、SOD、MDA和TC同图2。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平上差异显著。

Figure 6 Relationships between leaf physicochemical properties and phyllosphere microorganisms of three maize varieties at different reproductive stages (A) Correlation between leaf physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity (E: Endogenous; F: Exogenous); (B) Mantel correlation between leaf physicochemical properties and leaf endogenous and exogenous bacterial community structure; (C) Correlation analysis between endogenous bacterial dominant species and leaf physicochemical properties; (D) Correlation analysis between exogenous bacterial dominant species and leaf physicochemical properties. POD, SOD, MDA and TC are the same as shown in Figure 2. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively.

图7 细菌优势物种与叶片互作延缓衰老 ROS: 活性氧

Figure 7 Bacterial dominant species interact with leaves to delay senescence ROS: Reactive oxygen species

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不同熟期玉米叶片衰老特性及其对叶际细菌的影响

Senescence Characteristics of Maize Leaves at Different Maturity Stages and Their Effect on Phyllosphere Bacteria

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