植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 228-239.DOI: 10.11983/CBB19113

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C3和C4植物的氮素利用机制

张璐1,2,何新华2,3,*()   

  1. 1 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所, 忻州 034000
    2 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
    3 西澳大利亚大学植物生物学院, 珀斯 6009
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-24 接受日期:2019-12-29 出版日期:2020-03-01 发布日期:2020-02-12
  • 通讯作者: 何新华
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFD0200104);国家自然科学基金(No.4111800096);西南大学生物学研究中心“国家生物学双一流学科”建设和植物资源保护与种质创新重庆市重点实验室课题

Nitrogen Utilization Mechanism in C3 and C4 Plants

Lu Zhang1,2,Xinhua He2,3,*()   

  1. 1 Maize Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinzhou 034000, China
    2 College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
    3 School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
  • Received:2019-06-24 Accepted:2019-12-29 Online:2020-03-01 Published:2020-02-12
  • Contact: Xinhua He

摘要: 提高植物的氮素利用效率(NUE)不仅有利于保障全球粮食安全, 也是实现农业可持续发展的重要途径。近半个世纪以来, 植物氮素利用机理研究已取得重要进展, 但NUE的调控机制仍不明确, NUE的提高仍然十分有限。高等植物集光合碳素同化和氮素同化于一体, 只有碳氮代谢相互协调, 才能维持植物体内的碳氮平衡, 保证植物正常生长发育。由于C3和C4植物的光合氮素利用率(PNUE)存在差异, 对氮素的利用效率也会存在差异。为了更有效地提高作物的NUE, 须更全面地了解C3和C4植物对氮素吸收、转运、同化和信号转导等关键因子的功能和调控机制。此外, 面对大气CO2浓度增高和全球气候变暖条件下的植物碳氮同化及其机理的研究也不容忽视。该文综述了C3和C4植物氮素利用关键因素的差异及其调控机制, 并对提高C3禾本科作物氮素利用效率的遗传改良途径进行了展望。

关键词: 光合作用, 氮素代谢, 氮素利用效率, 调控机制, 遗传改良

Abstract: Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of plants is not only an important approach to ensure global food security, but also to achieve sustainable agricultural development. In the past half century, great progress has been made in the study of nitrogen utilization mechanism, but the regulatory mechanism of NUE is not clear and the improvement of NUE is still extremely limited. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and nitrogen assimilation are integrated in a plant, and only by coordinating carbon and nitrogen metabolism can the carbon/nitrogen balance be maintained and the normal growth and development of plants be regulated. Due to the differences in the photosynthetic nitrogen utilization rate (PNUE) between C3 and C4 plants, there will also be differences in the utilization efficiency of nitrogen. In order to improve crop NUE, it is necessary to understand the functions and regulatory mechanisms of key factors involved in nitrogen absorption, transport, assimilation and signal transduction of C3 and C4 plants. In addition, studies on carbon and nitrogen assimilation and their mechanisms under the conditions of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and global warming should not be ignored. This paper reviews the differences of key factors on nitrogen use between C3 and C4 plants and the regulatory mechanisms, and proposes possible ways to improve NUE of C3 crops by using genetic approaches.

Key words: photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen use efficiency, regulatory mechanisms, genetic improvement