豆科饲草碳氮高效固定、转运和同化利用研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB22157

植物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 764-773.DOI: 10.11983/CBB22157

所属专题：饲草生物学专辑 (2023年58卷2期、2022年57卷6期)

• ·评述· 饲草生物学专辑 • 上一篇下一篇

豆科饲草碳氮高效固定、转运和同化利用研究进展

孔照胜¹^,², 杨文强²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 王柏臣²^,³^,⁴, 林荣呈³

¹中国科学院微生物研究所, 植物基因组学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101
²中国科学院种子创新研究院, 北京 100093
³中国科学院植物研究所光生物学重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁴中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-07-17 接受日期:2022-10-09 出版日期:2022-11-01 发布日期:2022-11-18
通讯作者: 杨文强
作者简介:*E-mail: wqyang@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA26030105)

Research Progress in Efficient Fixation, Transport, Assimilation of Carbon and Nitrogen in Legume Forages

Zhaosheng Kong¹^,², Wenqiang Yang²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), Baichen Wang²^,³^,⁴, Rongcheng Lin³

¹State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
⁴College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-07-17 Accepted:2022-10-09 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-18
Contact: Wenqiang Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来, 我国对优质饲草的需求不断增长。提高各种饲草尤其是紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的产量和品质是饲草生物学研究领域一项重要的科研和经济目标。光合作用固定二氧化碳是牧草生物量形成的基础; 氮素的吸收、固定、转运和同化则是影响牧草粗蛋白含量并决定其品质的重要生物学过程。这2个生物学过程互相依赖, 紧密关联。该文论述了紫花苜蓿碳氮高效固定、转运和同化利用的育种新思路, 并总结了国内外在二氧化碳的高效固定和转运以及氮素的固定、吸收、转运和同化等方面取得的最新研究进展, 以期为饲草高生物量和高蛋白含量分子设计育种提供参考。

关键词: 豆科饲草, 碳固定与光合作用, 氮素吸收与同化, 碳氮转运, 氮固定

Abstract: In China, the demand for high-quality forage is continuously increasing. Improving the yield and quality of various forages, especially alfalfa (Medicago sativa), has been an important scientific and economic goal for plant breeders. Fixation of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis is the basis for the formation of forage biomass. Nitrogen absorption, fixation, transport and assimilation are important biological processes that affect the crude protein content of forage and determine its quality. Both biological processes are interdependent to each other. Therefore, we propose the new breeding ideas for efficient fixation, transport and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen in alfalfa, and summarize the latest progress in efficient fixation and transport of carbon dioxide, nitrogen fixation and absorption, as well as nitrogen transport and assimilation in recent years, so as to shed some light on molecular design breeding for forage with high biomass and high protein content in the future.

Key words: legume forage, carbon fixation and photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake and assimilation, carbon and nitrogen transportation, nitrogen fixation

孔照胜, 杨文强, 王柏臣, 林荣呈. 豆科饲草碳氮高效固定、转运和同化利用研究进展. 植物学报, 2022, 57(6): 764-773.

Zhaosheng Kong, Wenqiang Yang, Baichen Wang, Rongcheng Lin. Research Progress in Efficient Fixation, Transport, Assimilation of Carbon and Nitrogen in Legume Forages. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(6): 764-773.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22157

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2022/V57/I6/764

图/表 4

图1 紫花苜蓿碳氮高效固定、转运和同化利用的育种思路

Figure 1 Breeding ideas for efficient fixation, transport and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen in Medicago sativa

表1 应用于提高紫花苜蓿碳氮固定和同化效率的基因

Table 1 Genes associated with high efficiency fixation and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen in Medicago sativa

反应	基因名称	应用效果	参考文献
碳固定	玉米蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因(SPS)	净光合速率、固氮能力以及氮素同化效率均提高, 蛋白质含量和地上部生物量增加	2015
	大肠杆菌羟基丙二酸半醛还原酶基因(TSR)	获得转基因植株	2018
	大肠杆菌乙醇酸脱氢酶亚基编码基因(GLcD)	获得转基因植株	2018
	大肠杆菌乙醇酸脱氢酶亚基编码基因(GLcE)	获得转基因植株	2018
	大肠杆菌乙醇酸脱氢酶亚基编码基因(GLcF)	获得转基因植株	2018
	玉米磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因(PEPC)	获得转基因植株	2021
	紫花苜蓿光合和叶绿体发育负调控因子编码基因 (NRPC1/NRPC2)	获得转基因植株	2020
氮同化	大豆胞质谷氨酰胺合成酶基因(GS1)	净光合速率和生物量显著提高	2009

图2 根瘤中氮气固定、氮素同化及酰脲合成与运输模式 Glu: 谷氨酸; Gln: 谷氨酰胺; UA: 尿素; Aln: 尿囊素; Alc: 尿囊酸; UPS1: 酰脲透性酶1; DctA: 二羧酸转运蛋白

Figure 2 Schematic model of N2 fixation, nitrogen assimilation, and ureide synthesis and transport in nodules Glu: Glutamate; Gln: Glutamine; UA: Urea; Aln: Allantoin; Alc: Allantoic acid; UPS1: Ureide permease 1; DctA: Dicarboxylic acid transporter

图3 氮素从根到叶的吸收分配及碳水化合物从源到库的转运体示意图 Ur: 酰脲; AA: 氨基酸; NO3-: 硝酸盐; N2: 氮气; NH4+: 铵盐

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of transporters for nitrogen uptake and transport from roots to leaves and transport of carbohydrates from source to sink Ur: Ureides; AA: Amino acids; NO3-: Nitrate; N2: Nitrogen; NH4+: Ammonium

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豆科饲草碳氮高效固定、转运和同化利用研究进展

Research Progress in Efficient Fixation, Transport, Assimilation of Carbon and Nitrogen in Legume Forages

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