植物细胞壁木聚糖的生物合成及其应用

doi:10.11983/CBB22030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 木聚糖是广泛存在于各类植物细胞壁中的半纤维素, 对植物生长发育至关重要。许多研究表明, 细胞壁中木聚糖的含量和结构对生物质的加工特性有显著影响。因此, 理解木聚糖的生物合成机制有助于利用基因工程手段对细胞壁进行改良。近10年来, 在模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)以及重要粮食和经济作物中鉴定出许多参与木聚糖生物合成的基因。该文综述了相关研究进展, 并探讨了木聚糖生物合成基因在生物质能及相关领域的潜在应用价值。

关键词: 细胞壁, 木聚糖, 生物合成, 遗传改良

Abstract: Xylan is a major component of hemicellulose that widely present in the cell walls of various types of plants and is essential for the growth and development of plants. Many studies have shown that the content and structure of xylan in the cell wall have a significant impact on the processing characteristics of biomass. Hence, understanding the mechanism of xylan biosynthesis will enable us to modify the cell wall through genetic engineering. During last decade, many genes involved in xylan biosynthesis have been characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis and some important grain and cash crops. This article reviews these recent findings and discusses the potential applications of xylan biosynthesis genes in biomass energy and related fields.

Key words: cell wall, xylan, biosynthesis, genetic improvement

郭彦君, 陈枫, 罗敬文, 曾为, 许文亮. 植物细胞壁木聚糖的生物合成及其应用. 植物学报, 2023, 58(2): 316-334.

Yanjun Guo, Feng Chen, Jingwen Luo, Wei Zeng, Wenliang Xu. The Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall Xylan and Its Application. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2023, 58(2): 316-334.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22030

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2023/V58/I2/316

图/表 4

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物种	基因	功能	应用	参考文献
二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)	BdGT43A/B2	参与主链合成	提高生物质消化率	Whitehead et al., 2018; Petrik et al., 2020
二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)	BdBAHD01/05	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	ND	Buanafina et al., 2016; de Souza et al., 2018
小麦(Triticum aestivum)	TaGT43_1/2, TaGT47_2	参与主链合成	获得更易提取的小麦籽粒水提物	Jiang et al., 2016; Pellny et al., 2020; Wilkinson et al., 2021
	TaXAT1/2	阿拉伯糖基转移酶	获得更易提取的小麦籽粒水提物	Anders et al., 2012
水稻(Oryza sativa)	OsGT43A/B/E/J	参与主链合成	ND	Lee et al., 2014
	OsIRX10	参与主链合成	提高生物质消化率	Chen et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2022
	OsGUX1	葡糖醛酸转移酶	改变叶绿素含量	Gao et al., 2020a
	OsXAT2/3/4/5/6/7	阿拉伯糖基转移酶	ND	Zhong et al., 2021
	OsXAX1	不明确	提高生物质消化率	Chiniquy et al., 2012; Feijao et al., 2022
	OsXYXT1	向主链添加木糖侧链	ND	Zhong et al., 2018b
	OsTBL1/2	参与主链乙酰化	增强抗病性	Gao et al., 2017
	OsXOAT1-14	参与主链乙酰化	ND	Zhong et al., 2018a
	OsBS1	参与主链去乙酰化	提高机械强度	Zhang et al., 2017
	OsDARX1	参与阿拉伯糖残基侧链去乙酰化	提高机械强度	Zhang et al., 2019
	OsAT10	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	提高生物质消化率	Bartley et al., 2013
	OsFC18	合成UDP-木糖	提高生物质消化率	Ruan et al., 2022
狗尾草(Setaria viridis)	SvBAHD01/05	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	提高生物质消化率	de Souza et al., 2018; Mota et al., 2021
甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)	SacBAHD01	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	提高生物质消化率	de Souza et al., 2019
杨树(Populus spp.)	PtrGT43A/B/C/D/E/F/G	参与主链合成	提高生物质消化率	Lee et al., 2011b; Ratke et al., 2015, 2018
	PoGT47C	参与还原末端合成	提高生物质消化率	Lee et al., 2009a
	PoGT8D/E/F	参与还原末端合成	ND	Lee et al., 2009c, 2011b
	Pt/PdGAUT12	参与还原末端合成	提高生物质消化率	Biswal et al., 2015, 2018
	PtrGXM1-4	甲基转移酶	提高生物质消化率	Song et al., 2016
	PtrXOAT1-12	乙酰基转移酶	ND	Zhong et al., 2018c
云杉(Picea glauca)	PgGUX	葡糖醛酸转移酶	ND	Lyczakowski et al., 2017
陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)	GhGT43A1/C1	参与主链合成	ND	Li et al., 2014
	GhGT47A1	参与主链合成	ND	Chen et al., 2020
	GhGT47B1/B2	参与还原末端合成	ND	Chen et al., 2020

物种	基因	功能	应用	参考文献
二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)	BdGT43A/B2	参与主链合成	提高生物质消化率	Whitehead et al., 2018; Petrik et al., 2020
二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)	BdBAHD01/05	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	ND	Buanafina et al., 2016; de Souza et al., 2018
小麦(Triticum aestivum)	TaGT43_1/2, TaGT47_2	参与主链合成	获得更易提取的小麦籽粒水提物	Jiang et al., 2016; Pellny et al., 2020; Wilkinson et al., 2021
	TaXAT1/2	阿拉伯糖基转移酶	获得更易提取的小麦籽粒水提物	Anders et al., 2012
水稻(Oryza sativa)	OsGT43A/B/E/J	参与主链合成	ND	Lee et al., 2014
	OsIRX10	参与主链合成	提高生物质消化率	Chen et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2022
	OsGUX1	葡糖醛酸转移酶	改变叶绿素含量	Gao et al., 2020a
	OsXAT2/3/4/5/6/7	阿拉伯糖基转移酶	ND	Zhong et al., 2021
	OsXAX1	不明确	提高生物质消化率	Chiniquy et al., 2012; Feijao et al., 2022
	OsXYXT1	向主链添加木糖侧链	ND	Zhong et al., 2018b
	OsTBL1/2	参与主链乙酰化	增强抗病性	Gao et al., 2017
	OsXOAT1-14	参与主链乙酰化	ND	Zhong et al., 2018a
	OsBS1	参与主链去乙酰化	提高机械强度	Zhang et al., 2017
	OsDARX1	参与阿拉伯糖残基侧链去乙酰化	提高机械强度	Zhang et al., 2019
	OsAT10	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	提高生物质消化率	Bartley et al., 2013
	OsFC18	合成UDP-木糖	提高生物质消化率	Ruan et al., 2022
狗尾草(Setaria viridis)	SvBAHD01/05	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	提高生物质消化率	de Souza et al., 2018; Mota et al., 2021
甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)	SacBAHD01	参与羟基肉桂酸取代	提高生物质消化率	de Souza et al., 2019
杨树(Populus spp.)	PtrGT43A/B/C/D/E/F/G	参与主链合成	提高生物质消化率	Lee et al., 2011b; Ratke et al., 2015, 2018
	PoGT47C	参与还原末端合成	提高生物质消化率	Lee et al., 2009a
	PoGT8D/E/F	参与还原末端合成	ND	Lee et al., 2009c, 2011b
	Pt/PdGAUT12	参与还原末端合成	提高生物质消化率	Biswal et al., 2015, 2018
	PtrGXM1-4	甲基转移酶	提高生物质消化率	Song et al., 2016
	PtrXOAT1-12	乙酰基转移酶	ND	Zhong et al., 2018c
云杉(Picea glauca)	PgGUX	葡糖醛酸转移酶	ND	Lyczakowski et al., 2017
陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)	GhGT43A1/C1	参与主链合成	ND	Li et al., 2014
	GhGT47A1	参与主链合成	ND	Chen et al., 2020
	GhGT47B1/B2	参与还原末端合成	ND	Chen et al., 2020