紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征

doi:10.11983/CBB24118

植物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 393-406.DOI: 10.11983/CBB24118 cstr: 32102.14.CBB24118

紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征

徐田甜¹^,², 杨培建¹^,², 周晓茜¹^,², 曹怡¹^,², 陈艳红¹^,², 刘国元¹^,², 张健¹^,², 魏辉¹^,²^,^*()

¹南通大学生命科学学院, 南通 226019
²南通市观赏植物遗传育种重点实验室, 南通 226019

收稿日期:2024-08-04 接受日期:2024-11-12 出版日期:2025-05-10 发布日期:2024-11-26
通讯作者: *E-mail: 15850682752@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2023]02);江苏省现代农业重大关键技术攻关项目(BE2022420);南通市基础研究(JC2023104)

Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics and Expression Characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica GolS Family Genes

Xu Tiantian¹^,², Yang Peijian¹^,², Zhou Xiaoxi¹^,², Cao Yi¹^,², Chen Yanhong¹^,², Liu Guoyuan¹^,², Zhang Jian¹^,², Wei Hui¹^,²^,^*()

¹School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
²Nantong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China

Received:2024-08-04 Accepted:2024-11-12 Online:2025-05-10 Published:2024-11-26
Contact: *E-mail: 15850682752@163.com

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摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶(GolS)是棉子糖家族寡糖(RFOs)生物合成途径中的关键酶, 为棉子糖系列寡糖提供活化的半乳糖基, 调控植物体内棉子糖系列寡糖的生物合成与积累, 在植物响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。然而, 关于紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica) GolS (LiGolS)家族基因的分子结构特征未见报道。该研究在紫薇全基因组水平鉴定了13个LiGolS基因, 并对其理化性质、染色体定位、进化关系、基因结构、保守基序以及盐胁迫下的表达进行分析。结果表明, 13个LiGolS基因不均匀地分布在10条染色体上, 13个LiGolS蛋白的等电点为4.75-9.45, 分子量为37.69-46.12 kDa, 氨基酸数量为327-404 aa。亚细胞定位预测结果表明, 6个蛋白定位在叶绿体, 1个蛋白定位在线粒体, 5个蛋白定位在细胞质, 1个蛋白定位在液泡。13个基因含有的外显子数目为0-4。盐胁迫下LiGolS的表达分析表明, LiGolS家族基因均表现出不同程度的表达上调, 表明这些基因可能参与紫薇的盐胁迫响应。研究结果为解析紫薇GolS基因功能奠定了基础。

关键词: 紫薇, LiGolS, 盐胁迫

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), providing the activated galactosyl group for the biosynthesis and accumulation of RFOs in plants. It plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stresses. RATIONALE: Although the role of GolS in plant stress responses has been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular characteristics of the GolSgene family in Lagerstroemia indica. This study aims to identify the members of the LiGolS gene family, analyze their physicochemical properties, gene structure, and expression patterns, and explore their potential functions in salt stress response.RESULTS: A total of 13 LiGolS gene family members were identified at the whole-genome level. These genes were unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes. The isoelectric points of the 13 LiGolS proteins ranged from 4.75 to 9.45, with molecular weights varying from 37.69 to 46.12 kDa, and amino acid counts ranging from 327 to 404. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that six proteins were localized to chloroplasts, one to mitochondria, five to the cytoplasm, and one to vacuoles. Additionally, the number of exons in the 13 gene members ranged from 0 to 4. Expression analysis under salt stress showed that all LiGolS genes were upregulated to various degrees after salt treatment, suggesting their potential involvement in salt stress response in L. indica.CONCLUSION: This study systematically identified and characterized the LiGolS gene family members in L. indica, including their physicochemical properties, gene structure, and expression patterns. These results lay the foundation for further functional analysis of LiGolS genes and provide theoretical insights into their roles in stress responses.

Expression patterns of LiGolS genes in Lagerstroemia indica under salt treatment
(A) Cloud and rain map of LiGolS gene expression in salt-sensitive L. indica cultivars under normal and salt treatment conditions; (B) Cloud and rain map of LiGolS gene expression in salt-tolerant L. indica cultivars under normal and salt treatment conditions; (C) LiGolS gene expression in different varieties of L. indica under normal and salt treatment conditions; (D) Heatmap of LiGolS gene expression patterns before and under salt treatment, this heatmap illustrated the log₂-transformed expression levels of LiGolS genes before and after salt treatment (yellow modules indicate higher expression levels, while green modules indicate lower expression levels). M-CK and N-CK indicate salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars under normal conditions, respectively; M-T and N-T indicate salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant groups under salt treatment conditions, respectively.

Key words: Lagerstroemia indica, LiGolS, salt stress

徐田甜, 杨培建, 周晓茜, 曹怡, 陈艳红, 刘国元, 张健, 魏辉. 紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征. 植物学报, 2025, 60(3): 393-406.

Xu Tiantian, Yang Peijian, Zhou Xiaoxi, Cao Yi, Chen Yanhong, Liu Guoyuan, Zhang Jian, Wei Hui. Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics and Expression Characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica GolS Family Genes. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(3): 393-406.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB24118

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图/表 10

表1 LiGolS基因的分子特征

Table 1 Molecular characterization of the LiGolS genes

Gene name	Gene ID	Length (bp)	Number of amino acids (aa)	Molecular weight (kDa)	Theoretical pI	Aliphatic index	Instability index	GRAVY	Subcelluar location
LiGolS1	evm.model.Chr1.208	1215	404	46.00	9.45	92.20	57.70	-0.086	C
LiGolS2	evm.model.Chr3.1524	1146	381	42.91	8.71	82.10	49.57	-0.263	CP
LiGolS3	evm.model.Chr4.803	990	329	37.72	4.75	78.81	50.39	-0.329	C
LiGolS4	evm.model.Chr4.806	990	329	37.85	4.78	78.51	48.28	-0.338	C
LiGolS5	evm.model.Chr5.968	984	327	37.69	4.76	80.76	53.39	-0.318	C
LiGolS6	evm.model.Chr8.101	1050	349	39.71	8.16	90.32	47.76	-0.148	CP
LiGolS7	evm.model.Chr8.200	1164	387	43.06	7.63	87.93	44.71	-0.095	CP
LiGolS8	evm.model.Chr10.348	1125	374	42.24	9.11	93.56	49.52	-0.062	M
LiGolS9	evm.model.Chr18.633	1215	404	46.12	9.22	94.36	51.32	-0.071	CP
LiGolS10	evm.model.Chr22.379	1143	380	42.83	8.32	90.79	49.38	-0.138	V
LiGolS11	evm.model.Chr23.402	1167	388	43.97	9.36	88.97	57.29	-0.151	C
LiGolS12	evm.model.Chr23.618	1149	382	43.30	8.85	94.40	48.35	-0.109	CP
LiGolS13	evm.model.Chr24.816	1038	345	38.60	7.69	92.75	43.61	-0.027	CP

图1 LiGolS基因的染色体定位

Figure 1 Chromosome localization of LiGolS genes

图2 LiGolS基因的共线性分析圆环从外到内依次代表基因在染色体上的定位、基因密度和共线性区域(绿色连线为LiGolS基因)。

Figure 2 Collinearity analysis of LiGolS genes The ring, from the outside to the inside, represents the location of genes on chromosomes, gene density and collinear regions (the green lines represent LiGolS genes).

图3 LiGolS基因的非同义替换率(Ka)、同义替换率(Ks)和Ka/Ks 基因的进化压力可通过计算Ka、Ks及Ka/Ks来推断。使用TBtools v2.119的Simple Ka/Ks_Calculator程序, 计算LiGolS基因的Ka和Ks。每个圆圈代表1个共线性基因对, 杆长对应于特定位点的Ka、Ks和Ka/Ks。

Figure 3 The ratio of non-synonymous (Ka), synonymous (Ks) and Ka/Ks of LiGolS genes The evolutionary pressure of genes can be inferred by calculating the Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks. The Ka and Ks values of LiGolS genes were calculated using the Simple Ka/Ks_Calculator program of TBtools v2.119. Each circle on the chart represents a collinearity gene pair, and the length of the rod corresponds to the Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks values at a specific site.

图4 不同物种GolS基因的共线性分析灰线表示共线基因对, 红线表示共线GolS基因对。染色体用不同颜色的矩形表示。橙色: 紫薇; 绿色: 拟南芥; 紫色: 大桉; 黄色: 水稻; 天蓝色: 杨树; 湛蓝色: 红皮柳; 红色: 葡萄

Figure 4 Collinearity analysis of GolS genes among different species The gray lines represent collinear gene pairs, the red lines represent collinear GolS gene pairs. The chromosomes are represented by rectangles of different colors. Orange: Lagerstroemia indica; Green: Arabidopsis thaliana; Purple: Eucalyptus grandis; Yellow: Oryza sativa; Sky blue: Populus trichocarpa; Blue: Salix purpurea; Red: Vitis vinifera

图5 13个LiGolS基因的结构绿色矩形表示非翻译区(UTRs), 黄色矩形表示外显子, 黑色线条表示内含子。

Figure 5 Gene structure of 13 LiGolS genes Untranslated regions (UTRs) are represented by green rectangles, exons are represented by yellow rectangles, and introns are represented by black lines.

图6 LiGolS基因的顺式作用元件分析

Figure 6 Analysis of cis-acting elements of LiGolS genes

图7 LiGolS蛋白-蛋白互作

Figure 7 Protein-protein interaction of LiGolS

图8 LiGolS基因的GO分析

Figure 8 GO analysis of LiGolS genes

图9 盐胁迫下LiGolS基因的表达模式分析 (A) 叶片中LiGolS基因的表达水平; (B) 根中LiGolS基因的表达水平。ns表示无统计学意义。* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; **** P<0.0001

Figure 9 Analysis of LiGolS gene expression patterns under salt stress (A) Expression levels of LiGolS genes in the leaves; (B) Expression levels of LiGolS genes in the roots. ns means no statistical significance. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; **** P<0.0001

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紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征

Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics and Expression Characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica GolS Family Genes

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