长穗偃麦草分子育种基础研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB22152

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长穗偃麦草(Elytrigia elongata)为禾本科小麦族偃麦草属植物, 是一种丛生的多年生冷季型牧草。长穗偃麦草原产于欧洲南部、小亚细亚和俄罗斯南部, 在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国大面积种植。其引入我国后, 1956年开始用作小麦(Triticum aestivum)远缘杂交的野生亲本, 鲜有作为牧草大面积种植的报道。长穗偃麦草具有耐盐碱、耐涝和抗病等特点, 可作为耐盐碱牧草用于建设“滨海草带”, 利于避免草粮争地/争水, 实现碳中和, 保障我国粮食安全。全世界已育成推广了10余个长穗偃麦草品种, 但我国尚无引种或自主选育品种, 不利于“滨海草带”的建立。长穗偃麦草遗传背景复杂, 基础研究薄弱, 育种技术远远落后于稻麦等粮食作物。该文对长穗偃麦草分子育种基础, 如育种历程、加速育种、资源创新、组织培养、基因组序列及分子标记进行综述, 以期为长穗偃麦草品种选育和“滨海草带”建设提供参考。

关键词: 长穗偃麦草, 育种, 分子标记, 滨海草带

Abstract: Tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata), belonging to Thinopyrum genus, is a perennial cool season bunchgrass that was originated from southern Europe, Asia Minor and southern Russia. It has been widely cultivated in America, Canada, Australia and other countries for more than a half century. Since tall wheatgrass was induced in China, Zhensheng Li had used it as a wild parent for distant hybridization to breed wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties from 1956. However, few reports were found for the wide cultivation of tall wheatgrass in China as a forage grass currently. It confers significant tolerance not only to saline and alkaline soil but also to waterlogging, drought and diseases. It can avoid competition of land and water between cereal crops and forage grass and benefit carbon neutrality and food security to cultivate tall wheatgrass on saline-alkali soils in the costal Circum-Bohai sea region. More than 10 cultivars has been released in America, Canada, Australia, Argentina and other European countries. Unfortunately, no tall wheatgrass variety has been certificated in China currently, which restrict the construction of Chinese costal grass belt. The genetic background is complex and the basic research is preliminary in tall wheatgrass, resulting in its breeding technology is lagged far behind the cereal crops like wheat and rice. Here, research progresses on the aspects of molecular breeding of tall wheatgrass including breeding history, speed breeding, tissue culture, genome sequencing and molecular markers were reviewed to promote tall wheatgrass breeding and construction of costal grass belt in China.

Key words: tall wheatgrass, breeding, molecular markers, costal grass belt

李宏伟, 郑琪, 李滨, 李振声. 长穗偃麦草分子育种基础研究进展. 植物学报, 2022, 57(6): 792-801.

Hongwei Li, Qi Zheng, Bin Li, Zhensheng Li. Research Progress on the Aspects of Molecular Breeding of Tall Wheatgrass. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(6): 792-801.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22152

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2022/V57/I6/792

图/表 4

图1 种子成熟期长穗偃麦草

Figure 1 Tall wheatgrass plant at seed maturation stage

图2 抽穗期长穗偃麦草(山东东营; 拍摄于2021年6月5日)

Figure 2 Tall wheatgrass in the field at heading stage (Dongying, Shandong; photographed on 5th June, 2021)

图3 长穗偃麦草无性系群体(山东东营; 拍摄于2022年5月13日)

Figure 3 The clonal population of tall wheatgrass (Dongying, Shandong; photographed on 13th May, 2022)

表1 基于测序开发的长穗偃麦草分子标记

Table 1 Molecular markers of tall wheatgrass developed from sequencing

实验材料	分子标记种类	数量	参考文献
小偃麦易位系TTh-4DS?4DL	SLAF-seq PCR	67	2018b
二体代换系4Ag (4D)	SLAF-seq PCR	621	2018a
二体代换系1E (1D)	PCR	165	2019
二体附加系DA1E	SLAF-seq PCR	48	2013
二体附加系DA7E	SLAF-seq PCR	89	2013
八倍体中国春-长穗偃麦草	SNP	373	2017
八倍体小偃68 (西北农林科技大学保存)	SLAF-seq	100	2019
八倍体中国春-百萨偃麦草	EST-STS	55	2020
十倍体长穗偃麦草	SNP	263	2020

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