黑麦草生物学研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB22161

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黑麦草属(Lolium)和羊茅属(Festuca)包含冷季型牧草和草坪草等诸多重要草种, 如意大利黑麦草(L. multiflorum)、多年生黑麦草(L. perenne)、高羊茅(F. arundinacea)及草地羊茅(F. pratensis)。黑麦草产量高、适应性强、营养丰富、适口性好且消化率高, 可作为干草和青贮饲料, 是一种优质牧草。但由于其在我国的栽培受地理因素限制, 目前黑麦草在我国草牧业中所占比例很小。为提高黑麦草种植比例, 利用分子育种手段选育优良品种是我国黑麦草研究的重点方向之一。该文系统总结了黑麦草-羊茅复合体, 特别是黑麦草的研究进展, 包括分类与进化、分子标记开发、连锁图谱构建、重要农艺性状的数量性状位点(QTL)定位和全基因组关联分析(GWAS), 以及基因组测序、转录组分析、基因克隆和品种培育等, 并提出一些需要解决的生物学问题, 旨在为进一步加强黑麦草基础生物学研究和分子育种提供参考。

关键词: 分类, 基因组, 黑麦草属, 分子标记, 数量性状位点, 品种

Abstract: The genera of Lolium and Festuca include many cool season forage grasses and turf species, such as Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum), perennial ryegrass (L. perenne), tall fescue (F. arundinacea) and meadow fescue (F. pratensis). The ryegrass can be used as hay and silage, due to its high yield, broad adaptability, rich nutrition, good palatability, and high digestibility; and it was considered as a high-quality feed. But because its cultivation region in China is limited by geography factors, the current proportion of ryegrass in China’s grass pasture industry is still very small. In order to increase the proportion of ryegrass cultivation, the use of molecular breeding methods to breed excellent varieties maybe one of the key directions. In this review, we summarized recent progress in the Lolium-Festuca complex, especially in Lolium, including classification and evolution study, molecular marker development, linkage map construction, quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genome wide association study (GWAS) for important agronomic traits, genome sequences, transcriptome analysis, gene cloning and variety breeding. We also brought up some biological issues in Lolium species that need to be resolved, and try to provide some reference for further strengthening the basic biological research and molecular breeding of ryegrass.

Key words: classification, genome, Lolium, molecular markers, quantitative trait locus, variety

谭文清, 陈军, 才宏伟. 黑麦草生物学研究进展. 植物学报, 2022, 57(6): 802-813.

Wenqing Tan, Jun Chen, Hongwei Cai. Recent Progress in Biology of Genus Lolium. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(6): 802-813.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22161

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2022/V57/I6/802

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黑麦草物种	群体类型	所用标记	标记数	图谱长度(cM)	连锁群	参考文献
多年生黑麦草	F₁	AFLP和EST-SSR	471	930	7	1999
多年生黑麦草	F₁	RFLP、AFLP和EST	240	811	7	2002a
多年生黑麦草	F₁	RFLP、AFLP和SSR	172	814	7	2002b
多年生黑麦草	F₁	EST-RFLP和EST-SSR	159/125	963/757	7/7	2004
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SSR	376	484.9	7	2006
多年生黑麦草	F₂	DArT	326	966	7	2012
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SSR、SNP和CAPS	838	750	7	2012
多年生黑麦草	F₂	DArT	1316	683	7	2013
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SNP和PAV	10325	952.6	7	2016
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SNP和PAV	28152	1051.8	7	2018
意大利黑麦草	F₂	RFLP和RAPD	101	754	13	1994
意大利黑麦草	F₁	RFLP、AFLP和TAS	385	1244.4	7	2004b
意大利黑麦草	F₁	SSR	429	887.8/795.8	7/7	2006
多年生黑麦草和意大利黑麦草	F₁	RFLP和RAPD	106	692	7	1998
多年生黑麦草和意大利黑麦草	F₂	EST-SSR	284	742	7	2010
意大利黑麦草和毒麦	BC₁	SSR和CISP	192	488.8	7	2014

黑麦草物种	群体类型	所用标记	标记数	图谱长度(cM)	连锁群	参考文献
多年生黑麦草	F₁	AFLP和EST-SSR	471	930	7	1999
多年生黑麦草	F₁	RFLP、AFLP和EST	240	811	7	2002a
多年生黑麦草	F₁	RFLP、AFLP和SSR	172	814	7	2002b
多年生黑麦草	F₁	EST-RFLP和EST-SSR	159/125	963/757	7/7	2004
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SSR	376	484.9	7	2006
多年生黑麦草	F₂	DArT	326	966	7	2012
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SSR、SNP和CAPS	838	750	7	2012
多年生黑麦草	F₂	DArT	1316	683	7	2013
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SNP和PAV	10325	952.6	7	2016
多年生黑麦草	F₂	SNP和PAV	28152	1051.8	7	2018
意大利黑麦草	F₂	RFLP和RAPD	101	754	13	1994
意大利黑麦草	F₁	RFLP、AFLP和TAS	385	1244.4	7	2004b
意大利黑麦草	F₁	SSR	429	887.8/795.8	7/7	2006
多年生黑麦草和意大利黑麦草	F₁	RFLP和RAPD	106	692	7	1998
多年生黑麦草和意大利黑麦草	F₂	EST-SSR	284	742	7	2010
意大利黑麦草和毒麦	BC₁	SSR和CISP	192	488.8	7	2014

黑麦草物种	定位性状	QTL位置	所用标记	参考文献
多年生黑麦草	抽穗期	LG2、LG4和LG7	SSR、AFLP和RFLP	2004
多年生黑麦草	抽穗期	LG2-LG5和LG7	SSR和CAPS	2009
多年生黑麦草	春化反应	LG2、LG4、LG6和LG7	SSR、AFLP和CAPS	2005a
多年生黑麦草	抗冠锈病	LG2	AFLP	2005
多年生黑麦草	抗秆锈病	LG1、LG6和LG7	RAD、AFLP、SSR和EST-SSR	2013
多年生黑麦草	冬季生存	LG2-LG4和LG6	SNP	2016
多年生黑麦草	抗霉粉病	LG3和LG7	RGA、SSR和STS	2008
多年生黑麦草	抗灰色叶斑病	LG3和LG6	RAPD、RFLP、AFLP和SSR	2005
多年生黑麦草	叶长	LG2、LG4和LG7	RAPD、AFLP、SSR和STS	2009
多年生黑麦草	种子产量	LG1、LG2	EST-SSR	2008
多年生黑麦草	育性	LG4、LG7	RFLP、AFLP、STS、CAPS 和SSR	2008
多年生黑麦草	开花基因	LG7	STS和EST-CAPS	2005
多年生黑麦草	开花时间、穗长和小花数	LG2-LG5和LG7	SSR和EST-CAPS	2009
多年生黑麦草	牧草品质	LG1-LG5和LG7	RFLP和SSR	2005
多年生黑麦草	草产量	LG1、LG2、LG4和LG6	SSR	2012
多年生黑麦草	耐涝性	LG3和LG4	SSR和SNP	2011
多年生黑麦草	极性代谢物	LG1-LG3和LG7	SNP和DArT	2017
多年生黑麦草	脂肪酸	LG1-LG5和LG7	RAD和SSR	2013
意大利黑麦草	抗倒伏	LG1-LG7	SSR	2004a
意大利黑麦草	抗枯萎病	LG5	EST-CAPS和AFLP	2005
意大利黑麦草	抗冠锈病	LG1和LG2	AFLP和SSR	2007
意大利黑麦草	抗细菌性萎蔫病	LG1和LG4-LG6	AFLP和SSR	2006a
意大利黑麦草	抗灰色叶斑病	LG3	AFLP、SSR和SSCP	2014
意大利黑麦草	硝态氮含量	LG1和LG6	SSR	2021

黑麦草物种	定位性状	QTL位置	所用标记	参考文献
多年生黑麦草	抽穗期	LG2、LG4和LG7	SSR、AFLP和RFLP	2004
多年生黑麦草	抽穗期	LG2-LG5和LG7	SSR和CAPS	2009
多年生黑麦草	春化反应	LG2、LG4、LG6和LG7	SSR、AFLP和CAPS	2005a
多年生黑麦草	抗冠锈病	LG2	AFLP	2005
多年生黑麦草	抗秆锈病	LG1、LG6和LG7	RAD、AFLP、SSR和EST-SSR	2013
多年生黑麦草	冬季生存	LG2-LG4和LG6	SNP	2016
多年生黑麦草	抗霉粉病	LG3和LG7	RGA、SSR和STS	2008
多年生黑麦草	抗灰色叶斑病	LG3和LG6	RAPD、RFLP、AFLP和SSR	2005
多年生黑麦草	叶长	LG2、LG4和LG7	RAPD、AFLP、SSR和STS	2009
多年生黑麦草	种子产量	LG1、LG2	EST-SSR	2008
多年生黑麦草	育性	LG4、LG7	RFLP、AFLP、STS、CAPS 和SSR	2008
多年生黑麦草	开花基因	LG7	STS和EST-CAPS	2005
多年生黑麦草	开花时间、穗长和小花数	LG2-LG5和LG7	SSR和EST-CAPS	2009
多年生黑麦草	牧草品质	LG1-LG5和LG7	RFLP和SSR	2005
多年生黑麦草	草产量	LG1、LG2、LG4和LG6	SSR	2012
多年生黑麦草	耐涝性	LG3和LG4	SSR和SNP	2011
多年生黑麦草	极性代谢物	LG1-LG3和LG7	SNP和DArT	2017
多年生黑麦草	脂肪酸	LG1-LG5和LG7	RAD和SSR	2013
意大利黑麦草	抗倒伏	LG1-LG7	SSR	2004a
意大利黑麦草	抗枯萎病	LG5	EST-CAPS和AFLP	2005
意大利黑麦草	抗冠锈病	LG1和LG2	AFLP和SSR	2007
意大利黑麦草	抗细菌性萎蔫病	LG1和LG4-LG6	AFLP和SSR	2006a
意大利黑麦草	抗灰色叶斑病	LG3	AFLP、SSR和SSCP	2014
意大利黑麦草	硝态氮含量	LG1和LG6	SSR	2021