短穗竹居群遗传结构及气候适应性分析

doi:10.11983/CBB24094

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 短穗竹(Brachystachyum densiflorum)是中国特有种。近年来, 由于气候变化和人类活动加剧, 短穗竹栖息地不断遭到破坏, 破碎化加剧, 居群数量呈减少趋势。该研究对短穗竹6个居群36个个体开展简化基因组测序(RAD-seq), 获得16 583个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点, 据此评估了短穗竹居群遗传结构, 并整合了景观遗传学和物种分布模型, 进而探讨短穗竹对气候变化的适应机制。结果表明, 短穗竹具有中等水平的遗传多样性(PIC=0.722 5, Ho=0.087, He=0.284 3, π=0.317 5), 不同居群可划分为2组, 各居群间存在中度分化(F_ST=0.102)和较高的基因流(Nm=2.442)。基因型-环境关联分析表明, 短穗竹对气候的局部适应推动2组的分化, 温差、低温和降水共同驱动遗传变异, 并筛选出544个与温差、低温(Bio2、Bio6、Bio11和Bio7)和降水量(Bio19)显著相关的适应性位点。物种分布模型显示, 短穗竹从末次盛冰期到当前明显向北迁移, 且其分布面积增加了89.5%。预计在2021–2040年和2041–2060年2个时段适生区波动较小, 2061–2080年适生区范围缩小, 安徽境内高适生区部分衰退和破碎化。研究结果为短穗竹的保护利用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 短穗竹, RAD-seq, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构, 物种分布模型

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Genetic diversity is considered as a crucial aspect in assessment and conservation of rare and endangered species. Brachystachyum densiflorum is a species endemic to eastern China. In recent years, with rapid economic development, accelerated urbanization, and escalating pollutant emissions, the habitat of B. densiflorum has been continuously degraded, habitat fragmentation has intensified, and its populations have shown a tendency to decline. RATIONALE: Genetic diversity endows species with abundant genetic resources and plays a pivotal role in shaping their capacity to adapt to new environments. To elucidate the genetic diversity of B. densiflorum and evaluate the influence of climate change on its genetic variation, reduced-representation genome sequencing technology was employed to obtain single nucleiotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and subsequently population genetics and landscape genetics together with species distribution modelling were analyzed. RESULTS: Brachystachyum densiflorum had a moderate level of genetic diversity. Six populations were divided into two groups, and there was moderate differentiation (F_ST=0.102) and high gene flow (Nm=2.442) between them. Genotype-environment association analysis indicated that the two groups were diverged attributable to local adaptation to the climate. Temperature differentials and low-temperature regimes interacting together with precipitation gave rise to genetic variation of this species. In total, 544 adaptive loci were identified, which displayed significant correlations with temperature differentials, low-temperature factors (Bio2, Bio6, Bio11, and Bio7), and precipitation factors (Bio19). B. densiflorum migrated evidently northward from the Last Glacial Maximum to the current, with its distribution area increased by 89.5%. However, during the period from 2061 to 2080, the extent of the suitable area for this species will be contracted, and there will be partial degradation and fragmentation occurring in highly suitable areas within Anhui Province. CONCLUSION: Brachystachyum densiflorum showed a moderate level of genetic diversity and a moderate degree of genetic differentiation. Local adaptation drove the formation of the current genetic pattern of B. densiflorum, and temperature differences, low-temperature, and precipitation led to genetic variation. B. densiflorum has evidently migrated northward from the Last Glacial Maximum to the current with increase of distribution area. However, niche modelling indicated that during the period from 2061 to 2080, the suitable habitat area of B. densiflorum would be contracted, with partial degradation and fragmentation occurring in highly suitable areas within Anhui Province. These results have significant meanings for conservation and utilization of B. densiflorum.

Key words: Brachystachyum densiflorum, RAD-seq, genetic diversity, genetic structure, species distribution model

张如礼, 李德铢, 张玉霄. 短穗竹居群遗传结构及气候适应性分析. 植物学报, 2025, 60(3): 1-0.

Ruli Zhang, Dezhu Li, Yuxiao Zhang. Population Genetic Structure and Climate Adaptation Analysis of an Endemic Bamboo, Brachystachyum densiflorum. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(3): 1-0.

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https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2025/V60/I3/1

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