小RNA, 大本领: 22 nt siRNAs在植物适应逆境中的重要作用

doi:10.11983/CBB20070

植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 270-273.DOI: 10.11983/CBB20070

小RNA, 大本领: 22 nt siRNAs在植物适应逆境中的重要作用

武亮^1,^*(),戚益军^2,^*()

¹浙江大学农业与生物技术学院, 杭州 310058
²清华大学生命科学学院植物生物学研究中心, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2020-05-01 接受日期:2020-05-02 出版日期:2020-05-01 发布日期:2020-07-06
通讯作者: 武亮,戚益军
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(91940301)

Small RNA, No Small Feat: Plants Deploy 22 nt siRNAs to Cope with Environmental Stress

Liang Wu^1,^*(),Yijun Qi^2,^*()

¹College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
²Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2020-05-01 Accepted:2020-05-02 Online:2020-05-01 Published:2020-07-06
Contact: Liang Wu,Yijun Qi

摘要/Abstract

摘要： RNA是传递生命遗传信息的重要介质。依据RNA是否编码蛋白质, 可分为编码RNA和非编码RNA。作为非编码RNA的核心种类之一, 小RNA在各种生命活动中均发挥重要调控作用, 其产生及功能发挥依赖于不同的DCL、RDR和AGO蛋白。目前, 植物中功能和调控方式较为明确的是以21 nt为主的miRNA和24 nt siRNA, 其它长度和类型的小RNA由于积累水平通常较低, 尚知之甚少。近日, 南方科技大学郭红卫团队发现, 拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)在缺氮等逆境胁迫下可产生大量依赖于DCL2和RDR6的22 nt siRNA。22 nt siRNA与AGO1结合形成效应复合物, 抑制硝酸还原酶基因(NIA1和NIA2)等mRNA的翻译效率, 从而减少植物在营养缺失条件下的能量消耗。这意味着, 当植物遇到不利环境时, 虽然无法通过移动来逃避逆境, 但可通过诱导产生小RNA, 协调和平衡正常的生长发育与胁迫响应。

关键词: 拟南芥, siRNA, 翻译抑制, 环境胁迫

Abstract: RNAs can be classified into protein-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are generated by Dicer-LIKEs (DCLs) and RNA Dependent RNA Polymerases (RDRs). They are associated with different ARGONAUTE (AGO) effector complexes and play important regulatory roles in diverse biological processes. 21 nt microRNAs (miRNAs) and 24 nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are the most abundant classes of sRNAs in plants. The mechanisms of their biogenesis and functions are well studied. However, the functions of other less abundant sRNAs remain largely unknown. A recent study from Prof. Hongwei Guo's group at Southern University of Science and Technology showed that a class of 22 nt siRNAs is produced by RDR6 and DCL2 when plants are under certain stress conditions, especially upon nitrogen deficiency. These 22 nt siRNAs are loaded into AGO1 and mediate translational repression of target mRNAs including nitrate reductase structural genes NIA1/2, thereby minimizing energy consumption. This work elegantly shows that plants deploy 22 nt siRNAs to achieve a deliberate balance between growth and defense in response to environmental stress.

Key words: Arabidopsis, siRNA, translational repression, environmental stress

武亮, 戚益军. 小RNA, 大本领: 22 nt siRNAs在植物适应逆境中的重要作用. 植物学报, 2020, 55(3): 270-273.

Liang Wu, Yijun Qi. Small RNA, No Small Feat: Plants Deploy 22 nt siRNAs to Cope with Environmental Stress. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(3): 270-273.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB20070

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2020/V55/I3/270

图/表 2

图1 拟南芥EIN5 (RNA降解通路关键基因)和DCL4缺陷的突变体产生大量内源22 nt siRNAs, 造成了多重生长缺陷表型(A)和全局性翻译抑制(B) Col-0: 野生型拟南芥

Figure 1 Arabidopsis RNA decay (EIN5) and DCL4 mutants accumulate endogenous 22 nt siRNAs that cause pleiotropic growth disorders (A) and global translational repression (B) Col-0: Wild-type Arabidopsis plant

图2 拟南芥22 nt siRNA的工作模式正常条件下22 nt siRNA几乎不表达, 在氮饥饿等逆境条件下被大量诱导, 进入AGO1沉默复合物, 抑制NIA等基因的翻译, 平衡植物生长发育与抗逆。

Figure 2 A working model for 22 nt siRNAs in plant stress adaptation The 22 nt siRNAs are barely accumulated under normal conditions, but can be dramatically induced when plants are exposed to adverse environments. These sRNAs are recruited into AGO1 complex and lead to the translational inhibition of NIA genes, thereby balancing plant development and stress tolerance.

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小RNA, 大本领: 22 nt siRNAs在植物适应逆境中的重要作用

Small RNA, No Small Feat: Plants Deploy 22 nt siRNAs to Cope with Environmental Stress

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