Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Succulent plants have morphological diversity, high added value, and strong stress resistance. However, the industrialization of these plants encounters obstacles such as the challenge of isolating propagation traits, sluggish proliferation rates, marked interspecific variations, and the intricacies involved in generalizing tissue culture parameters across different groups. 


RATIONALE: Therefore, the three succulent plants (Echeveria×Sedeveria 'Pink Rubby', Crassula fusca, and Aporocactus flagelliformis) from two families and three genera were selected as experimental materials in this study. The investigation of the universal tissue culture system has been conducted, including procedures for disinfecting leaf/stem explants, differentiating adventitious buds, rooting adventitious buds (using traditional and open tissue culture methods), and transplanting. The anatomical structure characteristics of leaf/stem in tissue culture plantlets and potted seedlings were analyzed by frozen section method. 


RESULTS: The result revealed that the optimal medium for leaf/stem differentiation adventitious bud was MS supplemented with 3.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 0.8 mg·L^-1 NAA, achieving an induction rate of over 95%. For adventitious bud rooting, the optimal medium of MS with 4.0 mg·L^-1 IBA, 2.0 mg·L^-1 NAA, and 0.4 mg·L^-1 KT, further enhanced with an additional 0.3 mg·L^-1 S206 in open tissue culture, resulted in a rooting rate exceeding 90%. The optimal universal transplanting substrate was a mix of grass charcoal soil and sand at a ratio of 2:1 by volume, resulting in a survival rate exceeding 99%. In addition, the epidermal thickness of tissue cultured plantlets of three succulent plants were significantly thinner than that of wild seedlings. Only the vascular bundle area of Aporocactus flagelliformis was much smaller than that of wild seedlings, but the number of vascular bundles of tissue cultured plantlets was significantly higher than that of wild seedlings.






     Tissue culture plantlet and their anatomical structure of three succulent plants.


  CONCLUSION: These findings offer theoretical underpinning and practical guidance for establishing an efficient cross-group propagation system leveraging physiological structural traits, advancing cost-effective pollution prevention and control solutions, and facilitating industrial advancement.

Key words: Echeveria × Sedeveria 'Pink Rubby', Crassula fusca, Aporocactus flagelliformis, tissue culture, anatomical structure