植物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 133-156.DOI: 10.11983/CBB18016
• 专题论坛 • 上一篇
宋雪薇1,2,3,魏解冰1,2,3,狄少康1,庞永珍1,*()
收稿日期:
2018-01-15
接受日期:
2018-11-05
出版日期:
2019-01-30
发布日期:
2019-07-31
通讯作者:
庞永珍
基金资助:
Xuewei Song1,2,3,Jiebing Wei1,2,3,Shaokang Di1,Yongzhen Pang1,*()
Received:
2018-01-15
Accepted:
2018-11-05
Online:
2019-01-30
Published:
2019-07-31
Contact:
Yongzhen Pang
摘要: 花青素是广泛存在于植物中的一类重要的类黄酮化合物, 在植物生长发育和人类营养保健方面具有重要价值。花青素的生物合成途径已经解析得比较清楚, 但花青素的代谢调控网络还在不断完善。调控花青素生物合成的转录因子主要包括MYB、bHLH和WD40三大类, 这些转录因子通过激活或抑制CHS、ANS和DFR等花青素途径关键结构基因的表达水平, 进而决定花青素积累的部位与水平。该文结合国内外花青素生物合成与转录调控方面的研究进展, 简要介绍了花青素的生物合成途径, 归纳总结了模式植物中花青素代谢调控的分子机理, 尤其是MYB、bHLH和WD40三类主要转录因子的调控机理, 以及这些转录因子在观赏植物和水果等经济作物花青素代谢工程中的应用。该文将为系统阐明花青素的转录调控机制和利用代谢工程改良花青素的相关研究提供有益参考。
宋雪薇,魏解冰,狄少康,庞永珍. 花青素转录因子调控机制及代谢工程研究进展. 植物学报, 2019, 54(1): 133-156.
Xuewei Song,Jiebing Wei,Shaokang Di,Yongzhen Pang. Recent Advances in the Regulation Mechanism of Transcription Factors and Metabolic Engineering of Anthocyanins. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2019, 54(1): 133-156.
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 | Zea mays | C1 | 激活 | Cone et al., 1986 |
PL | 激活 | Cone et al., 1993a | ||
PL-BH | 激活 | Cone et al., 1993b | ||
拟南芥 | Arabidopsis thaliana | AtCPC | 抑制 | Zhang et al., 2009 |
AtMYB60 | 抑制 | Park et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYBL2 | 抑制 | Matsui et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYB75/PAP1 | 激活 | Borevitz et al., 2000 | ||
AtMYB90/PAP2 | 激活 | Borevitz et al., 2000 | ||
AtMYB113 | 激活 | Gonzalez et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYB114 | 激活 | Gonzalez et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYB56 | 激活 | Jeong et al., 2018 | ||
蒺藜苜蓿 | Medicago truncatula | LAP1 | 激活 | Peel et al., 2009 |
矮牵牛 | Petunia hybrida | AN2 | 激活 | Quattrocchio et al., 1999 |
DPL | 激活 | Albert et al., 2011 | ||
PHZ | 激活 | Albert et al., 2011 | ||
MYBx | 抑制 | Albert et al., 2014 | ||
MYB27 | 抑制 | Albert et al., 2014 | ||
金鱼草 | Antirrhinum majus | ROSEA1 | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2006 |
ROSEA2 | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2006 | ||
VENOSA | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2016 | ||
烟草 | Nicotiana tabacum | NtAN2 | 激活 | Pattanaik et al., 2010 |
苹果 | Malus domestica | MdMYB1 | 激活 | Takos et al., 2006 |
MdMYB3 | 激活 | Vimolmangkang et al., 2013 | ||
MdMYB6 | 激活 | Gao et al., 2011 | ||
MdMYB10 | 激活 | Espley et al., 2007 | ||
MdMYB110a | 激活 | Chagné et al., 2013 | ||
MdMYB9 | 激活 | An et al., 2014 | ||
MdMYB11 | 激活 | An et al., 2014 | ||
MdMYBA | 激活 | Ban et al., 2007 | ||
MdMYB16 | 抑制 | Wang et al., 2010 | ||
葡萄 | Vitis labruscana | VlMYBA1-1 | 激活 | Kobayashi et al., 2002 |
VlMYBA1-2 | 激活 | Cutanda-Perez et al., 2009 | ||
VlMYBA1-3 | 激活 | Azuma et al., 2008 | ||
VlMYBA2 | 激活 | Geekiyanage et al., 2007 | ||
V. vinifera | VvMYB5a | 激活 | Deluc et al., 2006 | |
VvMYB5b | 激活 | Deluc et al., 2008 | ||
VvMYBA1 | 激活 | Kobayashi et al., 2004 | ||
VvMYBA2 | 激活 | Kobayashi et al., 2004 | ||
VvMYBPA1 | 激活 | Passeri et al., 2017 | ||
VvMYBC2-L1 | 抑制 | Cavallini et al., 2015 | ||
VvMYBC2-L3 | 抑制 | Cavallini et al., 2015 | ||
西洋梨 | Pyrus communis | PcMYB10 | 激活 | Pierantoni et al., 2010 |
沙梨 | P. pyrifolia | PyMYB10 | 激活 | Feng et al., 2010 |
PyMYB114 | 激活 | Yao et al., 2017a | ||
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
P. communis | PcMYB10 | 激活 | Wang et al., 2013 | |
山竹 | Garcinia mangostana | GmMYB10 | 激活 | Palapol et al., 2009 |
甜樱桃 | Prunus avium | PacMYBA | 激活 | Shen et al., 2014 |
PaMYB10 | 激活 | Starkevi? et al., 2015 | ||
荔枝 | Litchi chinensis | LcMYB1 | 激活 | Lai et al., 2014 |
油桃 | Prunus persica | PpMYB10 | 激活 | Ravaglia et al., 2013 |
甜橙 | Citrus sinensis | CsRUBY | 激活 | Butelli et al., 2012 |
杨梅 | Myrica rubra | MrMYB1 | 激活 | Niu et al., 2010 |
草莓 | Fragaria ananassa | FaMYB10 | 激活 | Medina-Puche et al., 2014 |
FaMYB1 | 抑制 | Aharoni et al., 2001 | ||
猕猴桃 | Actinidia chinensis | MYB110a | 激活 | Fraser et al., 2013 |
亚洲杂交百合 | Lilium spp. | LhMYB6 | 激活 | Yamagishi et al., 2010 |
LhMYB12 | 激活 | Yamagishi et al., 2010 | ||
LhMYB12-Lat | 激活 | Yamagishi et al., 2014 | ||
非洲菊 | Gerbera hybrida | GMYB10 | 激活 | Elomaa et al., 2003 |
菊花 | Chrysanthemum morifolium | CmMYB6 | 激活 | Liu et al., 2015 |
文心兰 | Oncidium gower | OgMYB1 | 激活 | Chiou et al., 2008 |
龙胆 | Gentian triflora | GtMYB3 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2008 |
紫苏 | Perilla frutescens | Myb-p1 | 激活 | Gong et al., 1999 |
番茄 | Lycopersicon esculentum | LeANT1 | 激活 | Mathews et al., 2003 |
红薯 | Ipomoea batatas | IbMYB1 | 激活 | Mano et al., 2007 |
马铃薯 | Solanum tuberosum | StAN1 | 激活 | Jung et al., 2009 |
StAN2 | 激活 | Jung et al., 2009 | ||
StMTF1 | 激活 | Rommens et al., 2008 | ||
结球甘蓝 | Brassica oleracea var. capitata | BoMYB2 | 激活 | Yuan et al., 2009 |
花椰菜 | B. oleracea var. botrytis | PURPLE | 激活 | Chiu and Yeh, 2010 |
紫背天葵 | Gynura bicolor | GbMYB1 | 激活 | Shimizu et al., 2011 |
羽衣甘蓝 | B. oeracea var. acephala | BoPAP1 | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2012 |
淫羊藿 | Epimedium sagittatum | EsMYBA1 | 激活 | Huang et al., 2013a |
EsMYB9 | 激活 | Huang et al., 2017 | ||
胡萝卜 | Raphanus sativus | RsMYB1 | 激活 | Lim et al., 2016 |
洋葱 | Allium cepa | MYB1 | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2016 |
小麦 | Triticum aestivum | TaPL1 | 激活 | Shin et al., 2016 |
TaMYB3 | 激活 | Li et al., 2017 | ||
红掌 | Anthurium andraeanum | AaMYB2 | 激活 | Li et al., 2016a |
大豆 | Glycine max | GmMYB-G20-1 | 激活 | Takahashi et al., 2011 |
梅 | Prunus mume | PmMYBa1 | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2017 |
葡萄风信子 | Muscari armeniacum | MaAN2 | 激活 | Chen et al., 2017 |
智利草莓 | Fragaria chiloensis | FcMYB1 | 抑制 | Salvatierra et al., 2013 |
芜菁 | B. rapa | BrMYB4 | 抑制 | Zhang et al., 2014a |
银杏 | Ginkgo biloba | GbMYBF2 | 抑制 | Xu et al., 2014a |
GbMYBFL | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2018 | ||
杨树 | Populus trichocarpa | PtrRML1 | 抑制 | Hu et al., 2016 |
表1 植物中调控花青素合成的MYB类转录因子
Table 1 MYB transcription factors (TFs) involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 | Zea mays | C1 | 激活 | Cone et al., 1986 |
PL | 激活 | Cone et al., 1993a | ||
PL-BH | 激活 | Cone et al., 1993b | ||
拟南芥 | Arabidopsis thaliana | AtCPC | 抑制 | Zhang et al., 2009 |
AtMYB60 | 抑制 | Park et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYBL2 | 抑制 | Matsui et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYB75/PAP1 | 激活 | Borevitz et al., 2000 | ||
AtMYB90/PAP2 | 激活 | Borevitz et al., 2000 | ||
AtMYB113 | 激活 | Gonzalez et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYB114 | 激活 | Gonzalez et al., 2008 | ||
AtMYB56 | 激活 | Jeong et al., 2018 | ||
蒺藜苜蓿 | Medicago truncatula | LAP1 | 激活 | Peel et al., 2009 |
矮牵牛 | Petunia hybrida | AN2 | 激活 | Quattrocchio et al., 1999 |
DPL | 激活 | Albert et al., 2011 | ||
PHZ | 激活 | Albert et al., 2011 | ||
MYBx | 抑制 | Albert et al., 2014 | ||
MYB27 | 抑制 | Albert et al., 2014 | ||
金鱼草 | Antirrhinum majus | ROSEA1 | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2006 |
ROSEA2 | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2006 | ||
VENOSA | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2016 | ||
烟草 | Nicotiana tabacum | NtAN2 | 激活 | Pattanaik et al., 2010 |
苹果 | Malus domestica | MdMYB1 | 激活 | Takos et al., 2006 |
MdMYB3 | 激活 | Vimolmangkang et al., 2013 | ||
MdMYB6 | 激活 | Gao et al., 2011 | ||
MdMYB10 | 激活 | Espley et al., 2007 | ||
MdMYB110a | 激活 | Chagné et al., 2013 | ||
MdMYB9 | 激活 | An et al., 2014 | ||
MdMYB11 | 激活 | An et al., 2014 | ||
MdMYBA | 激活 | Ban et al., 2007 | ||
MdMYB16 | 抑制 | Wang et al., 2010 | ||
葡萄 | Vitis labruscana | VlMYBA1-1 | 激活 | Kobayashi et al., 2002 |
VlMYBA1-2 | 激活 | Cutanda-Perez et al., 2009 | ||
VlMYBA1-3 | 激活 | Azuma et al., 2008 | ||
VlMYBA2 | 激活 | Geekiyanage et al., 2007 | ||
V. vinifera | VvMYB5a | 激活 | Deluc et al., 2006 | |
VvMYB5b | 激活 | Deluc et al., 2008 | ||
VvMYBA1 | 激活 | Kobayashi et al., 2004 | ||
VvMYBA2 | 激活 | Kobayashi et al., 2004 | ||
VvMYBPA1 | 激活 | Passeri et al., 2017 | ||
VvMYBC2-L1 | 抑制 | Cavallini et al., 2015 | ||
VvMYBC2-L3 | 抑制 | Cavallini et al., 2015 | ||
西洋梨 | Pyrus communis | PcMYB10 | 激活 | Pierantoni et al., 2010 |
沙梨 | P. pyrifolia | PyMYB10 | 激活 | Feng et al., 2010 |
PyMYB114 | 激活 | Yao et al., 2017a | ||
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
P. communis | PcMYB10 | 激活 | Wang et al., 2013 | |
山竹 | Garcinia mangostana | GmMYB10 | 激活 | Palapol et al., 2009 |
甜樱桃 | Prunus avium | PacMYBA | 激活 | Shen et al., 2014 |
PaMYB10 | 激活 | Starkevi? et al., 2015 | ||
荔枝 | Litchi chinensis | LcMYB1 | 激活 | Lai et al., 2014 |
油桃 | Prunus persica | PpMYB10 | 激活 | Ravaglia et al., 2013 |
甜橙 | Citrus sinensis | CsRUBY | 激活 | Butelli et al., 2012 |
杨梅 | Myrica rubra | MrMYB1 | 激活 | Niu et al., 2010 |
草莓 | Fragaria ananassa | FaMYB10 | 激活 | Medina-Puche et al., 2014 |
FaMYB1 | 抑制 | Aharoni et al., 2001 | ||
猕猴桃 | Actinidia chinensis | MYB110a | 激活 | Fraser et al., 2013 |
亚洲杂交百合 | Lilium spp. | LhMYB6 | 激活 | Yamagishi et al., 2010 |
LhMYB12 | 激活 | Yamagishi et al., 2010 | ||
LhMYB12-Lat | 激活 | Yamagishi et al., 2014 | ||
非洲菊 | Gerbera hybrida | GMYB10 | 激活 | Elomaa et al., 2003 |
菊花 | Chrysanthemum morifolium | CmMYB6 | 激活 | Liu et al., 2015 |
文心兰 | Oncidium gower | OgMYB1 | 激活 | Chiou et al., 2008 |
龙胆 | Gentian triflora | GtMYB3 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2008 |
紫苏 | Perilla frutescens | Myb-p1 | 激活 | Gong et al., 1999 |
番茄 | Lycopersicon esculentum | LeANT1 | 激活 | Mathews et al., 2003 |
红薯 | Ipomoea batatas | IbMYB1 | 激活 | Mano et al., 2007 |
马铃薯 | Solanum tuberosum | StAN1 | 激活 | Jung et al., 2009 |
StAN2 | 激活 | Jung et al., 2009 | ||
StMTF1 | 激活 | Rommens et al., 2008 | ||
结球甘蓝 | Brassica oleracea var. capitata | BoMYB2 | 激活 | Yuan et al., 2009 |
花椰菜 | B. oleracea var. botrytis | PURPLE | 激活 | Chiu and Yeh, 2010 |
紫背天葵 | Gynura bicolor | GbMYB1 | 激活 | Shimizu et al., 2011 |
羽衣甘蓝 | B. oeracea var. acephala | BoPAP1 | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2012 |
淫羊藿 | Epimedium sagittatum | EsMYBA1 | 激活 | Huang et al., 2013a |
EsMYB9 | 激活 | Huang et al., 2017 | ||
胡萝卜 | Raphanus sativus | RsMYB1 | 激活 | Lim et al., 2016 |
洋葱 | Allium cepa | MYB1 | 激活 | Schwinn et al., 2016 |
小麦 | Triticum aestivum | TaPL1 | 激活 | Shin et al., 2016 |
TaMYB3 | 激活 | Li et al., 2017 | ||
红掌 | Anthurium andraeanum | AaMYB2 | 激活 | Li et al., 2016a |
大豆 | Glycine max | GmMYB-G20-1 | 激活 | Takahashi et al., 2011 |
梅 | Prunus mume | PmMYBa1 | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2017 |
葡萄风信子 | Muscari armeniacum | MaAN2 | 激活 | Chen et al., 2017 |
智利草莓 | Fragaria chiloensis | FcMYB1 | 抑制 | Salvatierra et al., 2013 |
芜菁 | B. rapa | BrMYB4 | 抑制 | Zhang et al., 2014a |
银杏 | Ginkgo biloba | GbMYBF2 | 抑制 | Xu et al., 2014a |
GbMYBFL | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2018 | ||
杨树 | Populus trichocarpa | PtrRML1 | 抑制 | Hu et al., 2016 |
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 | Zea mays | R1 | 激活 | Chandler et al., 1989 |
Lc | 激活 | Ludwig et al., 1989 | ||
B1 | 激活 | Chandler et al., 1989 | ||
Sn | 激活 | Tonelli et al., 1991 | ||
金鱼草 | Antirrhinum majus | DELILA | 激活 | Martin et al.,1991 |
矮牵牛 | Petunia hybrida | JAF13 | 激活 | Spelt et al., 2000 |
AN1 | 激活 | Spelt et al., 2000 | ||
拟南芥 | Arabidopsis thaliana | GL3 | 激活 | Payne et al., 2000 |
EGL3 | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2003 | ||
MYC146 | 激活 | Ramsay et al., 2003 | ||
TT8 | 激活 | Nesi et al., 2000 | ||
蒺藜苜蓿 | Medicago truncatula | MtTT8 | 激活 | Li et al., 2016b |
苹果 | Malus domestica | MdbHLH3 | 激活 | Xie et al., 2012 |
MdbHLH33 | 激活 | Espley et al., 2007 | ||
MdMYC2 | 激活 | An et al., 2016 | ||
烟草 | Nicotiana tabacum | NtAn1a | 激活 | Bai et al., 2011 |
NtAn1b | 激活 | Bai et al., 2011 | ||
菊花 | Chrysanthemum morifolium | CmbHLH | 激活 | Xiang et al., 2015 |
非洲菊 | Gerbera hybrida | GMYC1 | 激活 | Elomaa et al., 2003 |
荔枝 | Litchi chinensis | LcbHLH1 | 激活 | Lai et al., 2016 |
LcbHLH3 | 激活 | Lai et al., 2016 | ||
龙胆 | Gentian triflora | GtbHLH1 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2008 |
杨梅 | Myrica rubra | MrbHLH1 | 激活 | Liu et al., 2013 |
花椰菜 | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | BobHLH1 | 激活 | Chiu and Li, 2012 |
结球甘蓝 | B. oleracea var. capitata | BoTT8 | 激活 | Yuan et al., 2009 |
紫背天葵 | Gynura bicolor | GbMYC1 | 激活 | Shimizu et al., 2011 |
杂交百合 | Lilium spp. | LhbHLH1 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2009 |
番茄 | Lycopersicon esculentum | AH | 激活 | Qiu et al., 2016 |
大丽花 | Dahlia variabilis | DvIVS | 抑制 | Ohno et al., 2011 |
圆叶牵牛 | Ipomoea purpurea | bHLH2 | 激活 | Park et al., 2007 |
甜橙 | Citrus sinensis | CsMYC2 | 激活 | Cultrone et al., 2010 |
紫苏 | Gynura bicolor | Myc-rp | 激活 | Gong et al., 1999 |
葡萄 | Vitis vinifera | VvbHLH1 | 激活 | Xu et al., 2014b |
VvMYC1 | 激活 | Hichri et al., 2010 | ||
VvMYCA1 | 激活 | Hichri et al., 2010 | ||
Myc-F3G1 | 激活 | Yamazaki et al., 2003 | ||
甜樱桃 | Prunus avium | PabHLH3 | 激活 | Starkevi? et al., 2015 |
梨 | Pyrus pyrifolia | PybHLH3 | 激活 | Yao et al., 2017a |
LhbHLH2 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2009 | ||
马铃薯 | Solanum tuberosum | StbHLH1 | 激活 | Payyavula et al., 2013 |
StbHLH2 | 激活 | Payyavula et al., 2013 | ||
AH | 激活 | Qiu et al., 2016 |
Table 2 bHLH transcription factors (TFs) involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 | Zea mays | R1 | 激活 | Chandler et al., 1989 |
Lc | 激活 | Ludwig et al., 1989 | ||
B1 | 激活 | Chandler et al., 1989 | ||
Sn | 激活 | Tonelli et al., 1991 | ||
金鱼草 | Antirrhinum majus | DELILA | 激活 | Martin et al.,1991 |
矮牵牛 | Petunia hybrida | JAF13 | 激活 | Spelt et al., 2000 |
AN1 | 激活 | Spelt et al., 2000 | ||
拟南芥 | Arabidopsis thaliana | GL3 | 激活 | Payne et al., 2000 |
EGL3 | 激活 | Zhang et al., 2003 | ||
MYC146 | 激活 | Ramsay et al., 2003 | ||
TT8 | 激活 | Nesi et al., 2000 | ||
蒺藜苜蓿 | Medicago truncatula | MtTT8 | 激活 | Li et al., 2016b |
苹果 | Malus domestica | MdbHLH3 | 激活 | Xie et al., 2012 |
MdbHLH33 | 激活 | Espley et al., 2007 | ||
MdMYC2 | 激活 | An et al., 2016 | ||
烟草 | Nicotiana tabacum | NtAn1a | 激活 | Bai et al., 2011 |
NtAn1b | 激活 | Bai et al., 2011 | ||
菊花 | Chrysanthemum morifolium | CmbHLH | 激活 | Xiang et al., 2015 |
非洲菊 | Gerbera hybrida | GMYC1 | 激活 | Elomaa et al., 2003 |
荔枝 | Litchi chinensis | LcbHLH1 | 激活 | Lai et al., 2016 |
LcbHLH3 | 激活 | Lai et al., 2016 | ||
龙胆 | Gentian triflora | GtbHLH1 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2008 |
杨梅 | Myrica rubra | MrbHLH1 | 激活 | Liu et al., 2013 |
花椰菜 | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | BobHLH1 | 激活 | Chiu and Li, 2012 |
结球甘蓝 | B. oleracea var. capitata | BoTT8 | 激活 | Yuan et al., 2009 |
紫背天葵 | Gynura bicolor | GbMYC1 | 激活 | Shimizu et al., 2011 |
杂交百合 | Lilium spp. | LhbHLH1 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2009 |
番茄 | Lycopersicon esculentum | AH | 激活 | Qiu et al., 2016 |
大丽花 | Dahlia variabilis | DvIVS | 抑制 | Ohno et al., 2011 |
圆叶牵牛 | Ipomoea purpurea | bHLH2 | 激活 | Park et al., 2007 |
甜橙 | Citrus sinensis | CsMYC2 | 激活 | Cultrone et al., 2010 |
紫苏 | Gynura bicolor | Myc-rp | 激活 | Gong et al., 1999 |
葡萄 | Vitis vinifera | VvbHLH1 | 激活 | Xu et al., 2014b |
VvMYC1 | 激活 | Hichri et al., 2010 | ||
VvMYCA1 | 激活 | Hichri et al., 2010 | ||
Myc-F3G1 | 激活 | Yamazaki et al., 2003 | ||
甜樱桃 | Prunus avium | PabHLH3 | 激活 | Starkevi? et al., 2015 |
梨 | Pyrus pyrifolia | PybHLH3 | 激活 | Yao et al., 2017a |
LhbHLH2 | 激活 | Nakatsuka et al., 2009 | ||
马铃薯 | Solanum tuberosum | StbHLH1 | 激活 | Payyavula et al., 2013 |
StbHLH2 | 激活 | Payyavula et al., 2013 | ||
AH | 激活 | Qiu et al., 2016 |
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
矮牵牛 | Petunia hybrida | AN11 | 激活 | De Vetten et al., 1997 |
拟南芥 | Arabidopsis thaliana | TTG1 | 激活 | Walker et al., 1999 |
玉米 | Zea mays | PAC1 | 激活 | Carey et al., 2004 |
MP1 | 激活 | Carey et al., 2004 | ||
蒺藜苜蓿 | Medicago truncatula | WD40-1 | 激活 | Pang et al., 2009 |
苹果 | Malus domestica | MdTTG1 | 激活 | Brueggemann et al., 2010 |
石榴 | Punica granatum | PgWD40 | 激活 | Ben-Simhon et al., 2011 |
红薯 | Ipomoea batatas | IbWD40 | 激活 | Dong et al., 2014 |
葡萄 | Vitis vinifera | VvWDR1/2 | 激活 | Matus et al., 2010 |
马铃薯 | Solanum tuberosum | StWD40 | 激活 | Payyavula et al., 2013 |
StAN11 | 激活 | Li et al., 2014 | ||
杨梅 | Myrica rubra | MrWD40-1 | 激活 | Liu et al., 2013 |
紫苏 | Gynura bicolor | PFWD | 激活 | Sompornpailin et al., 2002 |
甜樱桃 | Prunus avium | PaWD40 | 激活 | Starkevi? et al., 2015 |
圆叶牵牛 | Ipomoea purpurea | WDR1 | 激活 | Morita et al., 2006 |
花椰菜 | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | BoWD40 | 激活 | Chiu and Li, 2012 |
苦荞麦 | Fagopyrum tataricum | FtWD40 | 激活 | Yao et al., 2017b |
表3 植物中调控花青素合成的WD40转录因子
Table 3 WD40 transcription factors (TFs) involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants
物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 基因名称 | 类型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
矮牵牛 | Petunia hybrida | AN11 | 激活 | De Vetten et al., 1997 |
拟南芥 | Arabidopsis thaliana | TTG1 | 激活 | Walker et al., 1999 |
玉米 | Zea mays | PAC1 | 激活 | Carey et al., 2004 |
MP1 | 激活 | Carey et al., 2004 | ||
蒺藜苜蓿 | Medicago truncatula | WD40-1 | 激活 | Pang et al., 2009 |
苹果 | Malus domestica | MdTTG1 | 激活 | Brueggemann et al., 2010 |
石榴 | Punica granatum | PgWD40 | 激活 | Ben-Simhon et al., 2011 |
红薯 | Ipomoea batatas | IbWD40 | 激活 | Dong et al., 2014 |
葡萄 | Vitis vinifera | VvWDR1/2 | 激活 | Matus et al., 2010 |
马铃薯 | Solanum tuberosum | StWD40 | 激活 | Payyavula et al., 2013 |
StAN11 | 激活 | Li et al., 2014 | ||
杨梅 | Myrica rubra | MrWD40-1 | 激活 | Liu et al., 2013 |
紫苏 | Gynura bicolor | PFWD | 激活 | Sompornpailin et al., 2002 |
甜樱桃 | Prunus avium | PaWD40 | 激活 | Starkevi? et al., 2015 |
圆叶牵牛 | Ipomoea purpurea | WDR1 | 激活 | Morita et al., 2006 |
花椰菜 | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | BoWD40 | 激活 | Chiu and Li, 2012 |
苦荞麦 | Fagopyrum tataricum | FtWD40 | 激活 | Yao et al., 2017b |
图2 拟南芥MBW转录复合体参与花青素的代谢调控网络 拟南芥PAP1/PAP2、TT8/EGL3/GL3和TTG1组成的MBW复合体主要激活CHS、CHI、DFR和ANS的表达进而调控花青素的积累。MBW复合体的功能不仅受环境因子的影响, 还受负调控因子的调控。外源施加生长素和蔗糖直接影响花青素的积累。光信号直接作用于COP1/SPA受体, 温度和脱落酸通过诱导HY5/HYH基因的表达, 进而间接作用于MBW复合体中的MYB型转录因子。负调控因子MYBL2、SPL9、MYB2和CPC则通过负调控MBW复合体或者结构基因的表达, 进而抑制花青素的积累。
Figure 2 Summary of MBW transcription complex in the regulation of anthocyanins in Arabidopsis The MBW complex composes of PAP1/PAP2, TT8/EGL3/GL3 and TTG1, which mainly regulates anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana by the regulation of the expression levels of key structural genes, including CHS, CHI, DFR and ANS. The function of the MBW complex is not only affected by environmental factors, but also by negative regulators. The application of auxin and sucrose can directly affect the accumulation of anthocyanins. The light signal directly acts on COP1/SPA receptor, and temperature and ABA induce the expression of HY5/HYH gene, which in turn affect the MYB transcription factor in the MBW complex. The negative regulatory factors such as MYBL2, SPL9, MYB2 and CPC, negatively regulate the expression levels of MBW complex or structural genes, and then reduce the accumulation of anthocyanins.
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