植物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 637-651.DOI: 10.11983/CBB16127

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植物角质层基因研究进展

段瑞君1, 王爱东1,2, 陈国雄2,*()   

  1. 1青海大学生态环境工程学院, 西宁 810016
    2中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院逆境生理与生态重点实验室, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-07 接受日期:2016-11-11 出版日期:2017-09-01 发布日期:2017-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈国雄
  • 基金资助:
    国家基础研究发展计划(No.2013CB429904)、国家自然科学基金(No.31170369, No.31560052)和甘肃创新研究群体基金(No.1308RJIA002)

Advances in Study of Plant Cuticle Genes

Ruijun Duan1, Aidong Wang1,2, Guoxiong Chen2*   

  1. 1College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    2Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2016-06-07 Accepted:2016-11-11 Online:2017-09-01 Published:2017-07-10
  • Contact: Guoxiong Chen

摘要: 角质层是形成于陆生植物表皮细胞壁外表面的脂质保水层。角质层的基本功能是保水, 同时也在响应逆境胁迫、自我清洁及器官发育等方面发挥作用。角质层通常由角质和蜡质组成。角质是角质层的主要结构成分, 其主要组分是聚酯。蜡质成分主要为极长链饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物。这些组分在内质网上合成后被转运到细胞表面, 进一步形成完整的角质层结构。近年来通过对角质层相关突变体及相应基因的研究, 人们对角质层在合成、转运、形成及调控等各个阶段都有了较为深入的认识。蜡质和角质的合成途径已在角质层相关基因功能的解释下逐渐浮出水面。有关角质层前体转运方面的研究, 主要的突破在于ABCG全转运蛋白的发现和功能解析。在角质层形成的机理方面, 角质层基因中的酯酶和脂酶类基因的研究有助于进一步认识这个复杂的过程。在基因调控方面, 新的转录因子基因和角质层与环境之间的相互关系研究, 也为已知的调控网络增加了新内容。该文综述了目前关于角质层相关基因的最新研究进展。

关键词: 角质层, 生物合成, 转运, 形成, 基因

Abstract: The cuticle is assembled at the surface of plant epidermal cells as a hydrophobic coating. It acts as an efficient barrier that protects the plant against uncontrolled water loss as well as environmental stress. It also plays a role in self-cleaning and plant development. The cuticle mainly consists of wax and cutin. The major structural component of the cuticle is cutin, which is a polyester rich in oxygenated fatty acids and glycerol. The cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of hydrophobic material containing predominantly very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives. The biosynthesis of polyester monomers as well as aliphatic wax components are localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Then they are transported to the surface of plant epidermal cells and assembled into a functional cuticle structure. Much progress has been made in understanding the steps of biosynthesis, transport, formation and regulation of cuticular components by study of cuticle genes. The pathways of wax and cutin synthesis are gradually emerging due to the advances of cuticle gene-related research. The mapping and functional analysis of the ABCG full transporter has been a breakthrough in cuticle secretion research. A deeper understanding of the formation of cuticle layers has been achieved with the analysis of esterase and lipase-related cuticle genes. In terms of regulation, the findings of transcription factor genes, as well as the interaction mechanism between cuticle and the environment, have increased our knowledge of regulatory circuits. We review the current progress in study of these important genes.

Key words: cuticle, biosynthesis, transport, formation, gene