植物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 405-408.DOI: 10.11983/CBB22142

• 热点评述 •    下一篇

另辟蹊径破解小麦条锈病的基因密码

孔令让()   

  1. 山东农业大学, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-03 修回日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2022-07-01 发布日期:2022-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 孔令让
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: lkong@sdau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32030081)

Breaking the Gene Code Conferring Broad-spectrum Resistance to Rust Fugi

Kong Lingrang()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
  • Received:2022-07-03 Revised:2022-07-08 Online:2022-07-01 Published:2022-07-14
  • Contact: Kong Lingrang

摘要: 小麦条锈病是由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst)引起的真菌病害, 在全世界范围内危害小麦(Triticum aestivum)生产。培育和种植持久抗性小麦品种是控制小麦条锈病最有效的方法。由于病原体突变导致免疫受体逃避检测, 因此抗病基因经常失效。而易感基因(S基因)突变介导的抗性常具持久性与广谱性。近日, 西北农林科技大学植物免疫研究团队在揭示小麦受S基因保护的分子机制方面取得显著进展, 为抗病育种提供了有力工具。他们发现小麦感染条锈菌后, 真菌诱导受体样细胞质激酶TaPsIPK1与效应子PsSpg1特异性互作, 通过增强激酶活性和TaPsIPK1进入细胞核促进寄生。TaPsIPK1磷酸化转录因子TaCBF1d。TaCBF1d的磷酸化改变了其下游基因的转录活性。因此, TaPsIPK1和PsSpg1增强TaCBF1d磷酸化可能会重新编程靶基因表达, 干扰植物防御反应, 从而促进病原体感染。在2年的田间试验中, 小麦中TaPsIPK1的CRISPR-Cas9失活赋予了对Pst的广谱抗性, 且不影响重要的农艺性状。该研究首次揭示了由PsSpg1-TaPsIPK1-TaCBF1d在小麦条锈病S基因中触发的新的磷酸化转录调控机制, 为通过作物遗传修饰培育持久抗性品种提供了新策略。

关键词: 小麦, 条锈病, 条锈菌感病基因, 抗锈种质

Abstract: Wheat stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, is a disease caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) that can devastate wheat crops across the world. The most effective way to control rust diseases is by planting and breeding durable resistant wheat cultivars. The caveat of R gene-dependent disease resistance is the frequent loss of effectiveness due to pathogen mutations that allow evasion of detection by immune receptors. However, disruption of host baseline susceptibility by inactivating S genes could be adopted for broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance. A recent study finished by the research team at Northwest A&F University significantly advanced our understanding how wheat plants can be protected by a S gene and provided tools in the fight against a major disease. Upon infection, the fungus induces a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, TaPsIPK1, specifically interacting with the effector, PsSpg1, that promotes parasitism via enhancing kinase activity and nuclear entry of TaPsIPK1. TaPsIPK1 phosphorylates the transcription factor TaCBF1d for gene regulation. Phosphorylation of TaCBF1d switches its transcriptional activity on the downstream genes. Hence the enhanced TaCBF1d phosphorylation by TaPsIPK1 and PsSpg1 might reprogram target gene expression to disturb plant defense response and thus facilitate pathogen infection. CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation of TaPsIPK1 in wheat confers broad-spectrum resistance against Pst without impacting important agronomic traits in two-years of field tests. This is first study to reveal a new phosphorylation-transcriptional regulation mechanism triggered by PsSpg1-TaPsIPK1-TaCBF1d in wheat S genes to stripe rust, which provide a new strategy to develop cultivars with durable resistance by genetic modifications in crops.

Key words: wheat, stripe rust, susceptible gene to rust fugi, germplasm resistant to rust