新型小麦-长穂偃麦草抗叶锈病代换系的细胞遗传学分析与分子标记开发

doi:10.11983/CBB25014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘要：由于人工驯化与现代育种操作，普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的遗传多样性日渐狭窄，更容易受到病虫害威胁。通过远缘杂交将野生近缘种的抗病基因导入小麦，有助于拓宽小麦的遗传基础，为培育抗病品种提供新抗源。十倍体长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth and D. R. Dewey)是小麦遗传改良中应用最为广泛的近缘物种之一，对小麦锈病等多种病害表现出良好抗性。利用远缘杂交和染色体工程，我们创制了一份小麦-长穗偃麦草种质材料WTS135，对叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina Eriks.)生理小种THTT表现免疫。系谱分析表明其叶锈病抗性来源于长穗偃麦草外源染色体。顺序基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization，GISH)-荧光原位杂交分析显示，一对十倍体长穗偃麦草染色体替换了小麦7D染色体。液相芯片分析表明外源染色体属于第七部分同源群，其近着丝粒区的信号密度及丰度明显较低，与GISH分析结果互相佐证，因此推测WTS135是一个7St(7D)的二体异代换系。通过分子标记检测，WTS135携带的抗病基因与已知的长穗偃麦草第七部分同源群抗叶锈病基因Lr19和Lr29不同，推测为一个抗叶锈病新基因。借助Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing技术，开发了10个长穗偃麦草特异引物，可用于快速追踪WTS135中的外源染色质。表型调查显示，WTS135的产量与轮回亲本济麦22无显著性差异，可直接用于小麦的抗病育种。

关键词: 关键词：小麦, 长穂偃麦草, 叶锈病, 远缘杂交, 代换系, 原位杂交, 分子标记

Abstract: Abstract: The genetic diversity of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has decreased sharply due to the artificial domestication and modern breeding operations, making it more vulnerable to the threats from pests and diseases. Introducing resistance genes from wild relatives into wheat through wide hybridization can broaden the genetic base of wheat and provide new sources for breeding disease-resistant varieties. As one of the most widely used relatives in the genetic improvement of wheat, decaploid Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth and D. R. Dewey shows excellent resistance to multiple diseases including wheat rust. By wild hybridization and chromosome engineering, we created a wheat-Th. ponticum germplasm material WTS135, which showed immunity to the leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) race THTT. Pedigree analysis showed that this resistance originated from the exogenous chromosome of Th. ponticum. Sequential genomic in situ hybridization (GISH)-fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the wheat chromosomes 7D were replaced by the Th. ponticum-derived chromosomes. Liquid chip showed that the alien chromosomes belonged to the homoeologous group 7, and the density and abundance of the signals in the peri-centromeric region along them were significantly lower, which was consistent with the GISH results. Therefore, it is indicated that WTS135 is a 7St (7D) disomic substitution line. After detected by the molecular markers related to known Lr genes on wheat 7D chromosome, it is presumed that WTS135 could carry a novel resistance gene that is not identical to genes Lr19 and Lr29. By specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing technology, ten primers specific to Th. ponticum were developed to rapidly trace the exogenous chromatin in WTS135. Phenotypic investigation showed that the yield of WTS135 was not significantly different from that of the recurrent parent Jimai 22, suggesting that this line can be useful for improving disease resistance in wheat.

Key words: Key words：wheat, Thinopyrum ponticum, leaf rust, wide hybridization, substitution line, in situ hybridization, molecular markers

郑琪. 新型小麦-长穂偃麦草抗叶锈病代换系的细胞遗传学分析与分子标记开发. 植物学报, 2025, 60(5): 1-0.

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