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Relationship Between Negative Air Ion Generation by Plants and Stomatal Characteristics Under Stimulation of Pulsed Electrical Field
Wu Renye, Sun Yuanfen, Zheng Jingui, Deng Chuanyuan, Ye Dapeng, Wang Qingshui
Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (6): 744-755.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16242
Abstract   (1297 HTML17 PDF(pc) (641KB)(1142)  

Under normal conditions, the capacity of plants to generate negative air ions (NAIs) is very weak. However, stimulation of a pulsed electrical field can result in substantial improvement of the ability for NAI generation. We examined NAI generation in Stromanthe sanguinea, Calathea zebrina, and Hippeastrum rutilum in glass chambers under the natural state and under pulsed electrical field and light stimulation and analyzed the shape of stomata. We found variation in NAI generation by plants due to the different combined parameters of the pulsed electrical field. Each plant has its own optimal pulsed electrical field with a combination of parameters for efficient NAI generation: S. sanguinea with A3B3C3 (A3, U=1.5×104 V; B3, T=1.5 s; C3, τ =65 ms), C. zebrina with A3B4C1 (A3, U=1.5×104 V; B4, T=2.0 s; C1,τ =5 ms) and H. rutilum with A4B4C1 (A4, U=2.0×104 V; B4, T=2.0 s; C1, τ=5 ms). With the application of a pulsed electrical field to plants, the higher the voltage, the greater the capacity for NAI generation. With enhanced light intensity, the ability to generate NAI significantly increased with application of a pulsed electrical field. Without the pulsed electrical field, despite the slightly increased NAI concentration with increasing light intensity, NAI concentration did not differ (P>0.05). Finally, NAI generation was closely related to the characteristics of leaf stomata. Furthermore, a greater degree of stomatal opening and stomatal density was associated with stronger capacity to generate NAI.


Figure 3 The stomatal shape feature of three plant species under the stimulation of high voltage pulsed electrical field with optimal combinational parameters (The shape feature of three plant species were observed under 40× objectives)
(A), (B) The stomatal feature of Stromanthe sanguinea under normal and electrostimulation conditions, separately; (C), (D) The stomatal feature of Calathea zebrina under normal and electrostimulation conditions, separately; (E), (F) The stomatal feature of Hippeastrum rutilum under normal and electrostimulation conditions, separately. Bars=50 μm
Extracts from the Article
紫背竹芋在最佳脉冲电场作用下, 其气孔形态由常态下的紧闭变为开启状态(图3A, B)。与对照相比, 电场作用下的叶片气孔长度增加了65.9%, 宽度增加了67.1%, 均差异显著(P<0.05); 气孔周长比对照组增加了66.0%, 面积增大了175.5%, 且差异显著(P<0.05); 而气孔密度比对照组降低了11.0%, 释放负离子的能力为对照组的21 760.0倍, 具显著性差异(P<0.05) (表7)。
图3
最佳脉冲电场作用下, 绒叶肖竹芋的气孔形态与对照的变化较为一致, 开合度呈增大趋势(图3C, D)。叶表皮气孔的长度与对照相比增加了55.4%, 宽度增加了209.4%, 且两者均差异显著(P<0.05); 气孔面积为对照组的3.8倍(表7; 图3C, D), 气孔密度在电场刺激前后无显著差异(P>0.05), 释放负离子的浓度均值为对照组的3.4倍, 两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。朱顶红的气孔形态与对照组相比开张状态明显(图3E, F),叶表皮气孔的长度增加了20.2%, 差异显著(P<0.05); 叶片气孔宽度比对照组缩小了10.2%; 气孔面积增加了8.4%, 且差异显著(P<0.05); 释放负离子的能力是对照组的4 696.6倍, 两者呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。
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