Chinese Bulletin of Botany ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 499-514.DOI: 10.11983/CBB24103 cstr: 32102.14.CBB24103
• INVITED REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
Tao Xie, Yifan Zhang, Yunhui Liu, Huiyu You, Jibenben Xia, Rong Ma, Chunni Zhang, Xuejun Hua*()
Received:
2024-07-13
Accepted:
2024-10-14
Online:
2025-07-10
Published:
2024-10-16
Contact:
Xuejun Hua
Tao Xie, Yifan Zhang, Yunhui Liu, Huiyu You, Jibenben Xia, Rong Ma, Chunni Zhang, Xuejun Hua. Research Progress on the Iron-sulfur Cluster Synthesis System and Regulation in Plant Mitochondria[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(4): 499-514.
Figure 1 The basic structure of iron-sulfur clusters (adapted from Lu, 2018) (A) [2Fe-2S] type iron-sulfur clusters linked by 4 cysteines; (B) NEET [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur clusters connected by three cysteines and one histidine; (C) Rieske [2Fe-2S] connected by two cysteines and two histidine; (D) [3Fe-4S] connected by three cysteine residues; (E) [4Fe-4S] linked by four cysteine residues; (F) [4Fe-4S] coordinated by four cysteine residues, can bind heme with mercaptan coordination bonds.
Figure 2 Hypothetical model of the mitochondrial ISC biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana (adapted from Lill, 2009) The schematic diagram refers to the yeast mitochondrial ISC synthesis pathway model, and the components in the red box have not yet been reported in Arabidopsis. In the first step, the AtNfs1-AtIsd11 complex desulfurates cysteine, and Frataxin may provide iron. The unidentified homologous iron transport proteins Mrs3 and Mrs4 can transport iron from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria where it binds with Frataxin, whereas AtMFDR and AtMFDX may assist in electron transfer by NADPH. Iron and sulfur are synthesized into iron-sulfur clusters on AtIsu1. In the second step, AtHscA2 and AtHscB bind to AtIsu1, promoting the release of iron-sulfur clusters from AtIsu1. The third step involves transporting the iron-sulfur clusters to various iron-sulfur proteins, such as GrxS15, mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins, fumarase, biosynthetic enzymes, and electron transport chain complexes I, II, and III. The transport of some iron-sulfur proteins requires the participation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly factors 1 and 2 (AtIscA1 and AtIscA2), and the assembly factor AtIBA57.
基因 | 突变类型 | 生长表型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
Frataxin | SALK_021263 | 生长迟缓、果实鲜重降低且种子数减少 | Busi et al., |
SALK_094203 | 部分种子不育 | Busi et al., | |
SALK_122008 | 部分种子不育, 毛绒根 | Martin et al., | |
ISU1 | 过表达 | 提升铁的富集能力 | Song et al., |
RNAi | 茎细, 植株矮小 | Frazzon et al., | |
SALK_006332 | 植株矮小 | Frazzon et al., | |
NFS1 | 过表达 | 新叶扇形边缘、杂乱花序、莲座叶和尾状叶腋下的腋 芽增多, 对病菌的抗性增强 | Frazzon et al., Fonseca et al., |
HscB | SALK_099684 | 根的铁吸收水平降低, 铁在枝叶中积累 | Leaden et al., |
SALK_085159 | 茎部显示出无蜡状表型, 具有光滑的外表 | Xu et al., | |
HscA1 | SALK_081383、SALK_081385、 SALK_128982和SALK_140494 | 茎短, 莲座叶变小 | Wei et al., |
HscA2 | SAIL_354_E09、SAIL_302_G07和 HscA2m点突变 | 无明显表型, 对外源脯氨酸具有抗性 | Wei et al., Zhang et al., |
GrxS15 | SALK_112767、GrxS15amiR、 SALK_112767C、GK-837C05 和SAIL_431_H03 | 根短, 莲座叶变小, 根尖呼吸速率降低, 对砷胁迫的 抗性增强, 早期胚胎致死 | Moseler et al., Ströher et al., |
SSR1 | FLAG_356A08和FLAG_571A02 | 根生长受到抑制 | Feng et al., |
Table 1 Phenotypes of mutant alleles involved in mitochondrial [Fe-S] cluster assembly genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
基因 | 突变类型 | 生长表型 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
Frataxin | SALK_021263 | 生长迟缓、果实鲜重降低且种子数减少 | Busi et al., |
SALK_094203 | 部分种子不育 | Busi et al., | |
SALK_122008 | 部分种子不育, 毛绒根 | Martin et al., | |
ISU1 | 过表达 | 提升铁的富集能力 | Song et al., |
RNAi | 茎细, 植株矮小 | Frazzon et al., | |
SALK_006332 | 植株矮小 | Frazzon et al., | |
NFS1 | 过表达 | 新叶扇形边缘、杂乱花序、莲座叶和尾状叶腋下的腋 芽增多, 对病菌的抗性增强 | Frazzon et al., Fonseca et al., |
HscB | SALK_099684 | 根的铁吸收水平降低, 铁在枝叶中积累 | Leaden et al., |
SALK_085159 | 茎部显示出无蜡状表型, 具有光滑的外表 | Xu et al., | |
HscA1 | SALK_081383、SALK_081385、 SALK_128982和SALK_140494 | 茎短, 莲座叶变小 | Wei et al., |
HscA2 | SAIL_354_E09、SAIL_302_G07和 HscA2m点突变 | 无明显表型, 对外源脯氨酸具有抗性 | Wei et al., Zhang et al., |
GrxS15 | SALK_112767、GrxS15amiR、 SALK_112767C、GK-837C05 和SAIL_431_H03 | 根短, 莲座叶变小, 根尖呼吸速率降低, 对砷胁迫的 抗性增强, 早期胚胎致死 | Moseler et al., Ströher et al., |
SSR1 | FLAG_356A08和FLAG_571A02 | 根生长受到抑制 | Feng et al., |
Figure 3 Heatmap of gene expression related to the ISC synthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana under various abiotic stresses Heatmap of mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein gene expression under various abiotic stresses, with data sourced from the Arabidopsis eFP Browser (https://bar.utoronto.ca/efp/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi). The color markings indicate the fold change in gene expression relative to that in the control group. The time of stress treatment shown in the graph is 24 h for all the samples.
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