Research Progress on Plant Sex-determination Genes and Their Epigenetic Regulation

doi:10.11983/CBB23088

Abstract

Abstract: The mechanism of sex determination in dioecious plants is a hot topic in reproductive biology, evolution and ecology, and so on. During recent years, the sex determination genes of several important crops, such as asparagus, kiwifruit, and poplar, have been revealed and applied to produce sex-specific products. New germplasms with bisexual flowers have also been developed for molecular breeding. In this review, the genetic bases of sex determination were systematically analyzed from the aspects of sex chromosomes and sex-determination genes in dioecious plants. Subsequently, the epigenetic regulatory roles of non-coding RNA and DNA methylation in plant sex determination were discussed. Finally, it was suggested that further comparative studies of sex determination genes among different dioecious plants should be carried out. More efforts are also needed to pay on the epigenetic regulations of plant sex determination. This work will not only facilitate to understand the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in dioecious plants, but also help to expand the application values of sex determination studies.

Key words: dioecious plants, sex chromosome, sex-determination genes, non-coding RNA, DNA methylation

Lansha Luo, Wenpei Song, Qingzhu Hua, Dawei Li, Hong Liang, Xianzhi Zhang. Research Progress on Plant Sex-determination Genes and Their Epigenetic Regulation[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(2): 278-290.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB23088

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2024/V59/I2/278

Figures/Tables 4

References 94

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分类群	物种	性染色体类型	参考文献
杨柳科	银白杨(Populus alba)	ZW/ZZ	Paolucci et al., 2010
	欧洲山杨(P. tremula)	XX/XY	Pakull et al., 2011
	美洲黑杨(P. deltoides)	XX/XY	Xue et al., 2020
	毛果杨(P. trichocarpa)	XX/XY	Tuskan et al., 2006
	胡杨(P. euphratica)	XX/XY	Yang et al., 2021
	琼岛杨(P. qiongdaoensis)	ZW/ZZ	Li et al., 2023b
	红皮柳(Salix purpurea)	ZW/ZZ	Zhou et al., 2020
	蒿柳(S. viminalis)	ZW/ZZ	Almeida et al., 2020
	簸箕柳(S. suchowensis)	ZW/ZZ	Hou et al., 2015
大戟科	一年生山靛(Mercurialis annua)	XX/XY	Veltsos et al., 2019
桑科	大麻(Cannabis sativa)	XX/XY	Prentout et al., 2020
	啤酒花(Humulus lupulus)	XX/XY	Karlov et al., 2003
	对叶榕(Ficus hispida)	XX/XY	Zhang et al., 2020
石竹科	白花蝇子草(Silene latifolia)	XX/XY	Yue et al., 2023
胡颓子科	沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)	XX/XY	Puterova et al., 2017
蔷薇科	草莓(Fragaria ananassa)	ZW/ZZ	Govindarajulu et al., 2013
杨梅科	杨梅(Morella rubra)	ZW/ZZ	Jia et al., 2019
漆树科	阿月浑子(Pistacia vera)	ZW/ZZ	Khodaeiaminjan et al., 2017
番木瓜科	番木瓜(Carica papaya)	XX/XY	Liu et al., 2004
葡萄科	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	XX/XY	Zhou et al., 2019
藜科	菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)	XX/XY	Li et al., 2023a
苋科	糙果苋(Amaranthus tuberculatus)	XX/XY	Montgomery et al., 2019
廖科	心翼酸模(Rumex hastatulus)	XX/XY	Hough et al., 2014
柿树科	君迁子(Diospyros lotus)	XX/XY	Akagi et al., 2020
猕猴桃科	中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)	XX/XY	Fraser et al., 2009; Akagi et al., 2018
薯蓣科	参薯(Dioscorea alata)	XX/XY	Cormier et al., 2019
	几内亚山药(D. rotundata)	ZW/ZZ	Tamiru et al., 2017
棕榈科	海枣(Phoenix dactylifera)	XX/XY	Torres et al., 2018
百合科	石刁柏(Asparagus officinalis)	XX/XY	Telgmann-Rauber et al., 2007
无油樟科	无油樟(Amborella trichopoda)	ZW/ZZ	Käfer et al., 2022
银杏科	银杏(Ginkgo biloba)	XX/XY	Liao et al., 2020
苏铁科	攀枝花苏铁(Cycas panzhihuaensis)	XX/XY	Liu et al., 2022
地钱科	地钱(Marchantia polymorpha)	U/V	Okada et al., 2001
	弯地钱(M. inflexa)	U/V	Marks et al., 2019
牛毛藓科	角齿藓(Ceratodon purpureus)	U/V	McDaniel, 2013

分类群	物种	性染色体类型	参考文献
杨柳科	银白杨(Populus alba)	ZW/ZZ	Paolucci et al., 2010
	欧洲山杨(P. tremula)	XX/XY	Pakull et al., 2011
	美洲黑杨(P. deltoides)	XX/XY	Xue et al., 2020
	毛果杨(P. trichocarpa)	XX/XY	Tuskan et al., 2006
	胡杨(P. euphratica)	XX/XY	Yang et al., 2021
	琼岛杨(P. qiongdaoensis)	ZW/ZZ	Li et al., 2023b
	红皮柳(Salix purpurea)	ZW/ZZ	Zhou et al., 2020
	蒿柳(S. viminalis)	ZW/ZZ	Almeida et al., 2020
	簸箕柳(S. suchowensis)	ZW/ZZ	Hou et al., 2015
大戟科	一年生山靛(Mercurialis annua)	XX/XY	Veltsos et al., 2019
桑科	大麻(Cannabis sativa)	XX/XY	Prentout et al., 2020
	啤酒花(Humulus lupulus)	XX/XY	Karlov et al., 2003
	对叶榕(Ficus hispida)	XX/XY	Zhang et al., 2020
石竹科	白花蝇子草(Silene latifolia)	XX/XY	Yue et al., 2023
胡颓子科	沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)	XX/XY	Puterova et al., 2017
蔷薇科	草莓(Fragaria ananassa)	ZW/ZZ	Govindarajulu et al., 2013
杨梅科	杨梅(Morella rubra)	ZW/ZZ	Jia et al., 2019
漆树科	阿月浑子(Pistacia vera)	ZW/ZZ	Khodaeiaminjan et al., 2017
番木瓜科	番木瓜(Carica papaya)	XX/XY	Liu et al., 2004
葡萄科	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	XX/XY	Zhou et al., 2019
藜科	菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)	XX/XY	Li et al., 2023a
苋科	糙果苋(Amaranthus tuberculatus)	XX/XY	Montgomery et al., 2019
廖科	心翼酸模(Rumex hastatulus)	XX/XY	Hough et al., 2014
柿树科	君迁子(Diospyros lotus)	XX/XY	Akagi et al., 2020
猕猴桃科	中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)	XX/XY	Fraser et al., 2009; Akagi et al., 2018
薯蓣科	参薯(Dioscorea alata)	XX/XY	Cormier et al., 2019
	几内亚山药(D. rotundata)	ZW/ZZ	Tamiru et al., 2017
棕榈科	海枣(Phoenix dactylifera)	XX/XY	Torres et al., 2018
百合科	石刁柏(Asparagus officinalis)	XX/XY	Telgmann-Rauber et al., 2007
无油樟科	无油樟(Amborella trichopoda)	ZW/ZZ	Käfer et al., 2022
银杏科	银杏(Ginkgo biloba)	XX/XY	Liao et al., 2020
苏铁科	攀枝花苏铁(Cycas panzhihuaensis)	XX/XY	Liu et al., 2022
地钱科	地钱(Marchantia polymorpha)	U/V	Okada et al., 2001
	弯地钱(M. inflexa)	U/V	Marks et al., 2019
牛毛藓科	角齿藓(Ceratodon purpureus)	U/V	McDaniel, 2013

分类群	物种	性别决定基因	参考文献
猕猴桃科	中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)	SyGl: 雄性抑制基因 FrBy: 雄性激活基因	Akagi et al., 2018, 2019
番木瓜科	番木瓜(Carica papaya)	CpSVP: 功能未验证 CpSERK/CpCAF1AL: 功能未验证	Urasaki et al., 2012
百合科	石刁柏(Asparagus officinalis)	SOFF: 雌性抑制基因 AspTDF1: 雄性激活基因	Harkess et al., 2017, 2020
柿树科	君迁子(Diospyros lotus)	OGl: 雄性激活基因	Akagi et al., 2014, 2020
桑科	对叶榕(Ficus hispida)	FhAG2: 雄性激活基因	Zhang et al., 2020
蔷薇科	弗吉尼亚草莓(Fragaria virginiana)	GMEW: 功能未验证 RPP0W: 功能未验证	Tennessen et al., 2018
猪笼草科	小猪笼草(Nepenthes gracilis)	DYT1: 雄性激活基因 SEP1: 功能未验证	Scharmann et al., 2019
棕榈科	海枣(Phoenix dactylifera)	CYP703/GPAT3: 雄性激活基因 LOG-like: 雄性抑制基因	Torres et al., 2018
石竹科	白花蝇子草(Silene latifolia)	CLAVATA3-like: 雌性抑制基因	Kazama et al., 2022
葡萄科	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	VvilNP1: 雄性激活基因 VviPLATZ1: 雌性激活基因	Massonnet et al., 2020; Iocco- Corena et al., 2021
苏铁科	攀枝花苏铁(Cycas panzhihuaensis)	CYCAS_034085: 功能未验证	Liu et al., 2022
银杏科	银杏(Ginkgo biloba)	GbMADS18: 功能未验证 Gb_15883/15884/15885/15886/ 28587: 功能未验证	Liao et al., 2020
杨梅科	杨梅(Morella rubra)	MrCPS2: 功能未验证 MrASP2: 功能未验证	Jia et al., 2019
藜科	菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)	NRT1/PTR6.4: 雄性激活基因	Ma et al., 2022
杨柳科	银白杨(Populus alba) 欧洲山杨(P. tremula) 毛果杨(P. trichocarpa)	ARR17: 雄性抑制基因 ARR17-IR: 雌性抑制基因	Müller et al., 2020
	美洲黑杨(P. deltoids)	FERR-IR: 雌性抑制基因 MSL: 雄性激活基因	Xue et al., 2020
	胡杨(P. euphratica)	RR-IR: 雌性抑制基因	Yang et al., 2021
	腺柳(Salix chaenomeloides) 钻天柳(S. arbutifolia) 三蕊柳(S. triandra)	RR: 雄性抑制基因	Wang et al., 2022, 2023
	红皮柳(S. purpurea)	ARR17: 雄性抑制基因 GATA15: 雌性激活基因	Hyden et al., 2023

分类群	物种	性别决定基因	参考文献
猕猴桃科	中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)	SyGl: 雄性抑制基因 FrBy: 雄性激活基因	Akagi et al., 2018, 2019
番木瓜科	番木瓜(Carica papaya)	CpSVP: 功能未验证 CpSERK/CpCAF1AL: 功能未验证	Urasaki et al., 2012
百合科	石刁柏(Asparagus officinalis)	SOFF: 雌性抑制基因 AspTDF1: 雄性激活基因	Harkess et al., 2017, 2020
柿树科	君迁子(Diospyros lotus)	OGl: 雄性激活基因	Akagi et al., 2014, 2020
桑科	对叶榕(Ficus hispida)	FhAG2: 雄性激活基因	Zhang et al., 2020
蔷薇科	弗吉尼亚草莓(Fragaria virginiana)	GMEW: 功能未验证 RPP0W: 功能未验证	Tennessen et al., 2018
猪笼草科	小猪笼草(Nepenthes gracilis)	DYT1: 雄性激活基因 SEP1: 功能未验证	Scharmann et al., 2019
棕榈科	海枣(Phoenix dactylifera)	CYP703/GPAT3: 雄性激活基因 LOG-like: 雄性抑制基因	Torres et al., 2018
石竹科	白花蝇子草(Silene latifolia)	CLAVATA3-like: 雌性抑制基因	Kazama et al., 2022
葡萄科	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	VvilNP1: 雄性激活基因 VviPLATZ1: 雌性激活基因	Massonnet et al., 2020; Iocco- Corena et al., 2021
苏铁科	攀枝花苏铁(Cycas panzhihuaensis)	CYCAS_034085: 功能未验证	Liu et al., 2022
银杏科	银杏(Ginkgo biloba)	GbMADS18: 功能未验证 Gb_15883/15884/15885/15886/ 28587: 功能未验证	Liao et al., 2020
杨梅科	杨梅(Morella rubra)	MrCPS2: 功能未验证 MrASP2: 功能未验证	Jia et al., 2019
藜科	菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)	NRT1/PTR6.4: 雄性激活基因	Ma et al., 2022
杨柳科	银白杨(Populus alba) 欧洲山杨(P. tremula) 毛果杨(P. trichocarpa)	ARR17: 雄性抑制基因 ARR17-IR: 雌性抑制基因	Müller et al., 2020
	美洲黑杨(P. deltoids)	FERR-IR: 雌性抑制基因 MSL: 雄性激活基因	Xue et al., 2020
	胡杨(P. euphratica)	RR-IR: 雌性抑制基因	Yang et al., 2021
	腺柳(Salix chaenomeloides) 钻天柳(S. arbutifolia) 三蕊柳(S. triandra)	RR: 雄性抑制基因	Wang et al., 2022, 2023
	红皮柳(S. purpurea)	ARR17: 雄性抑制基因 GATA15: 雌性激活基因	Hyden et al., 2023