Regulatory Effects of Exogenous Organic Acids on the Physiological Responses of Helianthus tuberosus Under Aluminium Stress

doi:10.11983/CBB23006

Abstract

Abstract: Aluminum (Al) is one of the common metal contaminants in acidic soils. To reveal the effects of exogenous organic acids on the physiological characteristics and root DNA damage of Helianthus tuberosus under Al stress, we used Al resistant H. tuberosus cv. ‘Xuzhou’ and Al sensitive H. tuberosus cv. ‘Ziyang’ as materials. The effects of exogenous organic acids on the physiological responses and DNA damage of H. tuberosus at various periods (7, 14, and 21 d) under Al stress were investigated by setting 0, 350 and 700 µmol∙L^-1 Al concentration treatments and applying 0, 30, 60 and 90 µmol∙L^-1 compound organic acids, respectively. The results showed that Al stress inhibits root elongation and root activity, severely inhibited the photosynthetic and antioxidant systems of H. tuberosus, and the DNA damage in the root system increased with the increase of Al concentration. In contrast, the application of compound organic acid effectively alleviated Al stress. 60 µmol∙L^-1 compound organic acid improved the activity of the antioxidant system, maximum photochemical efficiency and organic acid secretion in root tips, secretion of citric acid was 2 times (H. tuberosus cv. ‘Xuzhou’) and 0.75 times (H. tuberosus cv. ‘Ziyang’) higher than the control, reduced root tip Al content and improved root activity. Besides, H. tuberosus cv. ‘Xuzhou’ and H. tuberosus cv. ‘Ziyang’ oliver tail moment decreased by 51.53% and 35.10%, and compound organic acid reduced the DNA trailing phenomenon and repaired DNA breaks to a greater extent. In conclusion, high concentration of Al causes serious damage to H. tuberosus, which is difficult to mitigate. 60 µmol∙L^-1 compound organic acid could enhance the H. tuberosus physiological responses under low Al stress, reduce DNA damage and thus improve the stress resistance. The alleviation effect was better in H. tuberosus cv. ‘Ziyang’. This study reveals the regulatory role of exogenous organic acids on the physiological responses of H. tuberosus under Al stress, and provides a theoretical basis for planting and production of H. tuberosus and production of other cash crops in the acid-aluminium areas of southern China.

Key words: aluminum stress, compound organic acids, Helianthus tuberosus, physiological response, DNA damage

Xuanwen Mao, Zhichao Wang, Xinyi Ruan, Jingfei Sun, Yating Zhang, Jinhao Lu, Tiantian Shao, Xian Wang, Jiamin Xiao, Li Xiao, Mengyao Ye, Yuhuan Wu, Peng Liu. Regulatory Effects of Exogenous Organic Acids on the Physiological Responses of Helianthus tuberosus Under Aluminium Stress[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2023, 58(4): 573-589.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB23006

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2023/V58/I4/573

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Experimental design in this study

Group	Aluminium concentration (μmol?L^-1)	Compound organic acid (OA) concentration (μmol?L^-1)
1	0	0
2	0	30
3	0	60
4	0	90
5	350	0
6	350	30
7	350	60
8	350	90
9	700	0
10	700	30
11	700	60
12	700	90

Figure 1 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the root length and plant height of Helianthus tuberosus under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, and Al700 indicating concentrations of Al are 0, 350, and 700 μmol?L-1, respectively; OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 indicating concentrations of OA are 0, 30, 60, and 90 μmol?L-1, respectively. XZ: H. tuberosus cv. ‘Xuzhou’; ZY: H. tuberosus cv. ‘Ziyang’. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 2 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the stomatal conductance (Gs) (A, E), transpiration rate (Tr) (B, F), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (C, G), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (D, H) of Helianthus tuberosus leaves under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 3 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the initial fluorescence (F0) (A, D), non-photochemical quenching (qN) (B, E) and maximal fluorescence (Fm) (C, F) of Helianthus tuberosus leaves under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 4 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the electron transport rate (ETR) (A, C) and maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) (B, D) of Helianthus tuberosus leaves under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 5 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) (A, D), peroxidase (POD) (B, E) and catalase (CAT) (C, F) activities of Helianthus tuberosus leaves under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 6 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the ascorbic acid (AsA) (A, C) and glutathione (GSH) (B, D) contents of Helianthus tuberosus leaves under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 7 Effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the aluminum (Al) content of root tip and root activity of Helianthus tuberosus under aluminum stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters and * indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 8 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on the content of citric acid (CA) (A), malic acid (MA) (B) and ethanedioic acid (EA) (C) in root exudates of Helianthus tuberosus under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 9 The effect of exogenous compound organic acid (OA) on oliver tail moment (OTM) of root cells of Helianthus tuberosus under aluminum (Al) stress Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. XZ and ZY are the same as shown in Figure 1. * indicate significant differences among different treatment groups at the same period (P<0.05).

Figure 10 DNA damage of Helianthus tuberosus root under different concentration of compound organic acid (OA) and aluminum (Al) treatments Al0, Al350, Al700, OA0, OA30, OA60, and OA90 are the same as shown in Figure 1. Bars=20 μm

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