饲草基因组学研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB22151

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 相比于粮食作物, 饲草基因组学研究严重滞后, 限制了饲草重要农艺性状解析以及分子设计育种的进程。近年来, 随着对饲草需求的增加、测序成本的大幅降低以及测序和组装技术的快速发展, 许多重要饲草的基因组已被测序和分析。该文综述了豆科、禾本科和莎草科18种饲草的基因组学研究进展, 并展望了饲草基因组研究未来的方向。

关键词: 饲草, 基因组测序, 全基因组关联分析, 基因组学, 基因组选择

Abstract: Today, the genomic research of forage grass is still severely insufficient in comparison of food crops, limiting the dissection of its complex traits and the application of molecular-design breeding. In recent years, with increased demand for forage grass, substantially reduced sequencing cost, as well as rapidly developed sequencing and assembly technologies, the genomes of many important forage grasses have been sequenced and analyzed. Here, we review 18 sequenced leguminous-, gramineous- and cyperaceous-forages, and discuss future direction of forage grass genomic research.

Key words: forage grass, genome sequencing, genome-wide association analysis, genomics, genomic selection

金京波, 梁承志. 饲草基因组学研究进展. 植物学报, 2022, 57(6): 732-741.

Jing Bo Jin, Chengzhi Liang. Research Advances in Forage Grass Genomics. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(6): 732-741.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22151

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2022/V57/I6/732

图/表 2

参考文献 46

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物种	拉丁学名	科	倍性	基因组大小	重复元件占比(%)	编码蛋白基因数目	生活型
蒺藜苜蓿	Medicago truncatula	豆科	2n=2x=16	430 Mb	43.94	44623	一年生
紫花苜蓿	M. sativa	豆科	2n=4x=32	816 Mb	57	49165	多年生
蓝花苜蓿	M. sativa spp. caerulea	豆科	2n=2x=16	793.2 Mb	55.55	47202	多年生
南苜蓿	M. polymorpha	豆科	2n=2x=14	457.53 Mb	38.04	36087	一年生或二年生
花苜蓿	M. ruthenica	豆科	2n=2x=16	904.13 Mb	57	45397	多年生
白花草木樨	Melilotus albus	豆科	2n=2x=16	1.04 Gb	71.42	41910	二年生
甜高粱	Sorghum dochna	禾本科	2n=2x=20	730 Mb	61	27640	一年生
燕麦	Avena sativa	禾本科	2n=6x=42	11.0 Gb	64	80608	一年生
黑麦	Secale cereale	禾本科	2n=2x=14	7.74 Gb	90.31	86991	一年生或越年生
黑麦草	Lolium perenne	禾本科	2n=2x=14	2.28 Gb	81.6	38868	多年生
二倍体长穗偃麦草	Thinopyrum elongatum	禾本科	2n=2x=14	4.63 Gb	81.29	44474	多年生
二倍体鸭茅	Dactylis glomerata	禾本科	2n=2x=14	1.84 Gb	68.56	40088	多年生
象草	Cenchrus purpureus	禾本科	2n=4x=28	2.07 Gb	66.29	77139	多年生
无芒隐子草	Cleistogenes songorica	禾本科	2n=4x=40	540.12 Mb	40.74	54383	多年生
小花碱茅	Puccinellia tenuiflora	禾本科	2n=2x=14	1.50 Gb	65.37	39725	多年生
芨芨草	Achnatherum splendens	禾本科	2n=2x=48	1.17 Gb	62.37	57374	多年生
百喜草	Paspalum notatum	禾本科	2n=2x=20	541 Mb	60.64	36511	多年生
柳枝稷	Panicum virgatum	禾本科	2n=4x=36	1.13 Gb	56.9	80278	多年生
藏北嵩草	Kobresia littledalei	莎草科	2n=2x=58	373.85 Mb	54.13	23136	多年生

物种	拉丁学名	科	倍性	基因组大小	重复元件占比(%)	编码蛋白基因数目	生活型
蒺藜苜蓿	Medicago truncatula	豆科	2n=2x=16	430 Mb	43.94	44623	一年生
紫花苜蓿	M. sativa	豆科	2n=4x=32	816 Mb	57	49165	多年生
蓝花苜蓿	M. sativa spp. caerulea	豆科	2n=2x=16	793.2 Mb	55.55	47202	多年生
南苜蓿	M. polymorpha	豆科	2n=2x=14	457.53 Mb	38.04	36087	一年生或二年生
花苜蓿	M. ruthenica	豆科	2n=2x=16	904.13 Mb	57	45397	多年生
白花草木樨	Melilotus albus	豆科	2n=2x=16	1.04 Gb	71.42	41910	二年生
甜高粱	Sorghum dochna	禾本科	2n=2x=20	730 Mb	61	27640	一年生
燕麦	Avena sativa	禾本科	2n=6x=42	11.0 Gb	64	80608	一年生
黑麦	Secale cereale	禾本科	2n=2x=14	7.74 Gb	90.31	86991	一年生或越年生
黑麦草	Lolium perenne	禾本科	2n=2x=14	2.28 Gb	81.6	38868	多年生
二倍体长穗偃麦草	Thinopyrum elongatum	禾本科	2n=2x=14	4.63 Gb	81.29	44474	多年生
二倍体鸭茅	Dactylis glomerata	禾本科	2n=2x=14	1.84 Gb	68.56	40088	多年生
象草	Cenchrus purpureus	禾本科	2n=4x=28	2.07 Gb	66.29	77139	多年生
无芒隐子草	Cleistogenes songorica	禾本科	2n=4x=40	540.12 Mb	40.74	54383	多年生
小花碱茅	Puccinellia tenuiflora	禾本科	2n=2x=14	1.50 Gb	65.37	39725	多年生
芨芨草	Achnatherum splendens	禾本科	2n=2x=48	1.17 Gb	62.37	57374	多年生
百喜草	Paspalum notatum	禾本科	2n=2x=20	541 Mb	60.64	36511	多年生
柳枝稷	Panicum virgatum	禾本科	2n=4x=36	1.13 Gb	56.9	80278	多年生
藏北嵩草	Kobresia littledalei	莎草科	2n=2x=58	373.85 Mb	54.13	23136	多年生