饲草自交不亲和性与近交衰退

doi:10.11983/CBB22156

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

显花植物自交不亲和性(self-incompatibility, SI)是一种广泛分布的种内生殖障碍, 在防止植物近交衰退并促进其异交中发挥重要作用。然而, 该性状也严重限制了自交制种与杂交育种进程, 而包含绝大多数饲草种类的豆科、菊科与禾本科植物自交不亲和的分子机制尚不明确, 因此饲草自交不亲和性成为制约我国乃至世界饲草产业发展的主要原因之一。现有研究已经揭示五类自交不亲和性的分子机制, 并对其生化与演化机制有了比较深入的了解, 为解析豆科、菊科与禾本科饲草自交不亲和性的分子机制奠定了基础。该文简要综述五类自交不亲和机制, 以及豆科、菊科与禾本科饲草自交不亲和性及其近交衰退的研究进展。

关键词: 自交不亲和性, 饲草, 近交衰退

Abstract:

Self-incompatibility (SI) is an intraspecific reproductive barrier widely occurring in flowering plants to prevent inbreeding depression by promoting outcrossing. However, this trait severely restricts the production of homozygous lines in hybrid breeding, especially for the forage crops mostly belonging to Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae with unclear molecular mechanisms of SI. Therefore, SI has become one of the major barriers limiting the development of forage industry in China and even in the world. So far, large progresses have been made in the biochemical and evolutionary mechanisms of five different SI types, providing a good foundation for further exploring the SI mechanisms of Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae forage crops. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms of the five reported SI types and the research progress of SI and inbreeding depression in Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae.

Key words: self-incompatibility, forage crops, inbreeding depression

赵洪, 宋丽珍, 张玉娥, 程佑发, 薛勇彪. 饲草自交不亲和性与近交衰退. 植物学报, 2022, 57(6): 742-755.

Hong Zhao, Lizhen Song, Yu’e Zhang, Youfa Cheng, Yongbiao Xue. Self-incompatibility and Inbreeding Depression of Forage Crops. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(6): 742-755.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22156

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2022/V57/I6/742

图/表 5

图1 1类自交不亲和性(SI)的分子与生化机制图示车前科、茄科、蔷薇科和芸香科1类自交不亲和性的分子与生化机制。S表示S基因。图片左侧表示花药、花粉及授粉花柱, 右侧虚线框中分别表示花粉管中发生的自交不亲和反应(self-pollen incompatibility, SPI)和异交亲和反应(cross-pollen compatibility, CPC)。

Figure 1 Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Type 1 self-incompatibility (SI) Schematic diagram illustrating the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of the Type 1 SI in Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae. S indicates the S gene. The anther, pollen and pollinated pistils are shown on the left, with self-pollen incompatibility (SPI) and cross-pollen compatibility (CPC) reactions occurring in pollen tubes on the right dashed boxes.

图2 2类自交不亲和性(SI)的分子与生化机制图示十字花科2类自交不亲和性的分子与生化机制。图片右侧虚线框中表示柱头乳突细胞中分别发生的SPI和CPC反应。S、SPI和CPC含义同图1。

Figure 2 Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Type 2 self-incompatibility (SI) Schematic diagram illustrating the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Type 2 SI in Brassicaceae with SPI and CPC reactions occurring in stigma papillae cells shown on the right dashed box. The meanings of S, SPI and CPC are identical to those described in Figure 1.

图3 3类自交不亲和性(SI)的分子与生化机制图示罂粟科3类自交不亲和性的分子与生化机制。图片右侧虚线框表示自己和异己花粉中分别发生的SPI和CPC反应。SPI和CPC同图1, ROS同图2。

Figure 3 Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Type 3 self-incompatibility (SI) Schematic diagram illustrating the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Type 3 SI in Papaveraceae with SPI and CPC reactions occurring in self and cross pollen cells shown on the right dashed box. The meanings of SPI and CPC are identical to those described in Figure 1, and ROS is the same as shown in Figure 2.

图4 4类和5类自交不亲和性(SI)的分子与生化机制图示报春花科和时钟花科4类和5类自交不亲和性的分子机制。图片左右两侧分别表示短型花柱(短花柱和长花药)与长型花柱(长花柱和短花药)。红色和蓝色箭头指示授粉方向。黑色虚线箭头及其平末端形式分别表示油菜素甾醇(BR)对异交和自交花粉的促进和抑制作用。黑色实线平末端箭头表示CYP734A50/BAHD对BR含量的抑制作用。

Figure 4 Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Type 4 and Type 5 self-incompatibility (SI) Schematic diagram of Type 4 and Type 5 SI in Primulaceae and Turneraceae. Short style with long anther and long style with short anther are separately shown on the left and right sides. Red and blue arrows indicate the pollination direction. The black dotted arrow and its flat terminal form represent the promotion and inhibition effects of brassinosteroid (BR) on the cross and self pollen, respectively. The black solid arrow with a flat end indicates the inhibition on BR content by CYP734A50/BAHD.

图5 1-5类自交不亲和性(SI)的起源与演化机制图示1-5类自交不亲和代表物种的科水平物种进化树。进化树由TimeTree (http://www.timetree.org/)网站生成, 下方数轴为演化时间轴。圆圈中的序号分别表示1-5类SI。绿色、浅蓝色、深蓝色、玫红色和深紫色实线分别指示1-5类S位点。灰色虚线表示不具有T2 RNase与FBA/FBK连锁位点, 橙色虚线表示具有能够编码Class I/II T2 RNase和FBA/FBK结构域蛋白的Type 1 S-like结构, 绿色虚线代表不具有Class III T2 RNase/S-RNase与FBA/FBK紧密连锁形成的Type 1 S位点。

Figure 5 Origin and evolution of Type 1-5 self-incompatibility (SI) Phylogenetic tree constructed with TimeTree (http://www.timetree.org/) showing several representative families/species separately possessing Type 1-5 SI. The axis under the tree indicates the evolutionary time. The serial numbers in the circles represent the five SI types. Green, light blue, dark blue, rose, and dark purple lines indicate Type 1-5 S-locus, respectively. The gray dotted line represents no T2 RNase linked to FBA/FBK, the orange dotted line represents Type 1 S-like structure encoding Class I/II T2 RNase and FBA/FBK domain proteins and the green dotted line represents no Type 1 S-locus containing Class III T2 RNase/S-RNase tightly linked to FBA/FBK.

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