营养液照光引起的化学变化及其对植物生长的影响

doi:10.11983/CBB14211

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻(Oryza sativa)根系照光实验表明, 光的效应随循环水影响到不照光的植株, 暗示营养液中发生了化学变化。在Si (K₂SiO₃)和Fe (FeEDTA)组成的溶液模拟系统中, 分别照射LED-紫光或阳光, 观察到反应液的OD₄₀₀值随光照时间的延长而增加。光照引起的化学变化发生在FeEDTA和K₂SiO₃之间。化学变化只与光能量有关, 与溶液温度无关, 这是一种光化学反应。光化反应溶液的光吸收从OD₃₆₀到OD₅₆₀都有明显增高。LED-蓝光和阳光诱导产生的并含FeEDTA-SiO₃成分并能吸收光的二元螯合铁硅酸盐复合物附着在衬底膜上, 形成三元复合物。衬底膜上可见大量的颗粒, 其中有些是反光的微晶颗粒。除LED-蓝光和阳光外, LED-紫光、LED-红光和LED-红外光也能诱导产生光谱性质相同的螯合铁硅酸盐复合物。制备含螯合铁硅酸盐复合分子的溶液并进行植物生长实验, 结果显示小球藻生长好, 死亡的藻体分解褪色后留下的是褐色的蓬松团状铁-硅化物。经螯合铁硅酸盐复合物处理的水稻干重增加明显。

关键词: 发光二极管, 阳光, 光化反应, 螯合铁硅酸盐复合物, 植物生长

Abstract: Rice plants were grown in nutrient solution containing Si/FeEDTA and LED light. Plants grown distant from the light source could get effect carried by the circulation of nutrient solution. The solution containing Fe (100 mg∙L^-1, FeEDTA) and Si (100 mg∙L^-1, K₂SiO₃) was illuminated separately by sunlight and LED-purple in the solution. The OD₄₀₀ of the solution increased with each illuminating day. The chemical change induced by illumination occurred between FeEDTA and K₂SiO₃. This chemical change was not related to solution temperature (°C) but was related to illumination only, so this was a photochemical reaction. The illuminated solution resulted in light absorbance from OD₃₆₀ to OD₅₆₀. An FeEDTA-SiO₃ complex was isolated from the solution illuminated by LED blue or sunlight. This complex was again absorbed by a lining membrane to form a three-component complex. There was a large amount of complex (e.g., microcrystals) accumulated on the lining membrane. LED-purple, LED-red and LED-infrared could be induced to result in the FeEDTA-SiO₃ complex. Chlorella beijerinch in the nutrient solution containing the FeEDTA-SiO₃ complex grew well; dead algae broke down and left a brown-coloured fluffy ball of Fe-Si complex. The rice plants fed the FeEDTA- SiO₃ complex showed high dry weight per plant.

Key words: LED, sunlight, photochemical reaction, FeEDTA-SiO3 complex, plant growth

李佳, 陈金星, 李止正. 营养液照光引起的化学变化及其对植物生长的影响. 植物学报, 2016, 51(1): 58-67.

Jia Li, Jinxing Chen, Zhizheng Li. Chemical Changes Caused by LED Lamps in Nutrient Solution and Its Effect on Plant Growth. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2016, 51(1): 58-67.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB14211

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2016/V51/I1/58

图/表 12

图1 6种LED光源系统 6种LED光源分别为LED-红光、LED-绿光、LED-黄光、LED-紫光、LED-蓝光和LED-白光

Figure 1 6 different LED devices for root system illumination experiments6 kinds of LED: LED-red, LED-green, LED-yellow, LED- purple, LED-blue, and LED-white

图2 实验栽培装置纵剖面示意图

Figure 2 The schematic diagram of vertical section of the culture device

图3 不同LED光源对植株缺铁症状发生与恢复的影响(A) 铁浓度为1 mg∙L-1时LED-蓝光实验组植株具缺铁症状; (B)-(G) 加铁至6 mg∙L-1后植株缺铁症状的恢复情况; 实验组依次为LED-蓝光、LED-白光、LED-紫光、LED-绿光、LED-黄光和LED-红光; 各组装置由左至右分别为CK3土培、CK2、单独水培和CK1/LED并联水培。(A)-(D) LED光板在右边栽培盆钵内; (E)-(G) LED光板在左边栽培盆钵内。

Figure 3 The Fe deficiency symptom and its recovery of rice plants in series experiments of LED illumination to root system in the solution (A) Fe deficiency symptom of rice plants in solution with 1 mg∙L-1 Fe; (B)-(G) The recovery of Fe deficiency symptom of rice plants in solution with 6 mg∙L-1 Fe; The experimental groups were LED-blue, LED-white, LED-purple, LED-green, LED-yellow and LED-red, respectively; Sets in each group, from left to right, was CK3 soil culture, CK2, independent hydroponics, and CK1/LED illuminated in connected hydroponics. (A)-(D) The LED board was in the right pot; (E)-(G) The LED board was in the left pot.

表1 模拟反应系统成分

Table 1 Composition of imitated solution reaction system

Reaction system (RS)	Ingredients	Compound and source
RS1	100 mg∙L^-1 Fe+100 mg∙L^-1 Si	FeEDTA (self-made), K₂SiO₃·xH₂O (goods)
RS2	100 mg∙L^-1 Fe+100 mg∙L^-1 Si	FeEDTA (Librel BMX), K₂SiO₃·xH₂O (goods)

图4 不同光源对RS1系统的影响

Figure 4 The OD400 changes induced by sunlight and LED- purple in system RS1

表2 光和水温对RS1系统的影响

Table 2 Effects of sunlight and water temperature on the system RS1

Treatment time (d)	Sunlight RS1 in dark (CK)		Sunlight RS1
Treatment time (d)	OD₄₀₀	Water (°C)	OD₄₀₀	Water (°C)
0	0.10	-	0.10	-
1	0.10	38	0.12	35
2	0.10	27	0.13	26
3	0.10	26	0.14	25
4	0.10	24	0.15	24
5	0.10	24	0.16	24
6	0.10	30	0.17	30
7	0.10	27	0.18	27
8	0.11	33	0.19	32
9	0.11	33	0.20	32
10	0.11	32	0.23	31

图5 RS2系统在日光下28天后的光谱(A)及光化反应分析(B)

Figure 5 The spectrums of RS2 solution under sunshine for 28 d (A) and analysis of photo-chemical reaction (B) induced by SiO3 in RS2 system

图6 不同光源诱导的光化产物光谱

Figure 6 The absorption spectrum of the photo chemical outcomes induced by different light source in the solution

图7 光化产物成分分析(A) 黑暗下RS1系统中峰1+峰2和峰6的分离; (B) 阳光下RS1系统中产生螯合铁硅酸盐复合体; (C) LED-蓝光照射RS1系统中产生螯合铁硅酸盐复合体

Figure 7 Analysis of contents of photo-chemical outcomes(A) Separate peak 1+2 and peak 6 from the RS1 system in the dark; (B) The complex composed from RS1 system under the sunlight; (C) The complex composed from RS1 system under the LED-blue

图8 螯合铁硅酸盐复合体的形态特征及其化学成分(A) 电子显微镜下起泡的螯合铁硅酸盐复合体有机膜状态(Bar=50 nm); (B) 螯合铁硅酸盐复合体的多层膜叠加复合体(膜表面散布无数颗粒) (Bar=100 nm); (C) 螯合铁硅酸盐复合体膜中的化学元素; (D) 螯合铁硅酸盐复合体膜上的微晶颗粒

Figure 8 Morphological characteristics and chemical constituents of FeEDTA-SiO3 complex(A) The organic membrane with bubbles of the complex of FeEDTA-SiO3 under the electron microscope (Bar=50 nm); (B) The membrane overlap of FeEDTA-SiO3 complex (attention to a lot of pearls on the membrane) (Bar=100 nm); (C) The chemical elements involved in the organic membrane of FeEDTA-SiO3 complex under the electron microscope; (D) The microcrystal pearls on the membrane of FeEDTA-SiO3 complex

图9 螯合铁硅酸盐复合体初提物对小球藻生长的影响 (A) 样品从左至右依次为0.5 mg∙L-1 90%乙醇提取物、0.5 mg∙L-1纯乙醇提取物、对照、0.2 mg∙L-1透析袋内样品和0.4 mg∙L-1透析袋外样品; (B) 样品在40°C以上的暗箱中培养40天(样品顺序同图9A)

Figure 9 Effect of primary extracts of FeEDTA-SiO3 com- plex on the growth of Chlorella beijerinch(A) From left to right in proper order: 0.5 mg∙L-1 extract with 90% alcohol, 0.5 mg∙L-1 extract with pure alcohol, CK, 0.2 mg∙L-1 extract in the dialysis bag, and 0.4 mg∙L-1 extract out of the dialysis bag; (B) The samples were in the dark box of 40°C for 40 d (from left to right in proper order were same as in Figure 9A)

表3 螯合铁硅酸盐复合体对水稻生长的影响

Table 3 Effect of the FeEDTA-SiO3 on rice growth

Source and dosage of extracts	Tiller number	Root/shoot	Dry weight (g)
(1) CK	3.0	0.09±0.02	0.67±0.12
(2) Pure alcohol extracts, out of the dialysis bag, OD₄₀₀=0.025	4.2	0.15±0.01	1.25±0.02
(3) Ditto, OD₄₀₀=0.075	4.3	0.17±0.03	1.49±0.32
(4) Ditto, OD₄₀₀=0.22	2.3	0.08±0.01	0.63±0.10
(5) 95% alcohol extracts, out of the dialysis bag, OD₄₀₀=0.042	3.8	0.15±0.03	1.29±0.21
(6) Ditto, OD₄₀₀=0.176	3.6	0.16±0.02	1.42±0.08

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