植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 106-119.DOI: 10.11983/CBB19008
贾晓东1,许梦洋1,莫正海1,2,宣继萍1,2,翟敏1,2,郭忠仁1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2019-01-11
接受日期:
2019-06-18
出版日期:
2020-01-01
发布日期:
2019-12-20
通讯作者:
郭忠仁
基金资助:
Xiaodong Jia1,Mengyang Xu1,Zhenghai Mo1,2,Jiping Xuan1,2,Min Zhai1,2,Zhongren Guo1,2,*()
Received:
2019-01-11
Accepted:
2019-06-18
Online:
2020-01-01
Published:
2019-12-20
Contact:
Zhongren Guo
摘要:
薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)富含酚类代谢物, 具有显著的抗氧化活性。近年来, 我国薄壳山核桃产业快速发展, 种植面积迅速扩大。明确薄壳山核桃中的酚类代谢物组成及保健功效对于促进健康产业发展具有重要意义。迄今为止, 从薄壳山核桃中已检测出酚类代谢物67个, 其中包括单宁36个、类黄酮22个、酚酸9个, 水解后检测出酚类代谢物苷元34个。该文主要对薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物的组成、提取方法、含量、药理活性及与采后贮藏特性的关系进行综述, 以期为今后深入研究薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物与其生理活性的关系及挖掘薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物的保健价值提供依据。
贾晓东,许梦洋,莫正海,宣继萍,翟敏,郭忠仁. 薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物研究进展. 植物学报, 2020, 55(1): 106-119.
Xiaodong Jia,Mengyang Xu,Zhenghai Mo,Jiping Xuan,Min Zhai,Zhongren Guo. Recent Advances in Phenolic Metabolites in Pecan. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(1): 106-119.
编号 | 名称 | 母核 | 取代基 | 部位 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
单宁-水解单宁-鞣花单宁 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 鞣花酸 | A | H | H | - | H | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Villarreal-Lozoya et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
2 | 鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | hexose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
3 | 鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | pentose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
4 | 鞣花酸鼠李糖 | A | rhamnose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
5 | 鞣花酸芸香糖 | A | rutinose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Jia et al., 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
6 | 鞣花酰基鞣花酸葡萄糖 | A | HHDP, glucose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
7 | 乙酰基鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | CH3CO, hexose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
8 | 甲基鞣花酸 | A | CH3, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
9 | 甲基鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | CH3, hexose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
10 | 甲基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | CH3, pentose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
11 | 二甲基鞣花酸 | A | CH3, CH3, H, H | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
12 | 二甲基鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | CH3, CH3, hexose, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
13 | 二甲基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | CH3, CH3, pentose, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
编号 | 名称 | 母核 | 取代基 | 部位 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||||||||||||
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | H | H | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
15 | 橡椀酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-valoneoyl | H | H | - | 种仁 | Jia et al., 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
16 | 二鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3=(S)-HHDP | R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | - | - | Jia et al., 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
17 | 鞣花酰基橡椀酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3=(S)-HHDP/(S)-valoneoyl | R4-R5=(S)-valoneoyl/(S)-HHDP | - | - | Jia et al., 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
单宁-水解单宁-棓单宁 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 没食子酸 | C | OH | OH | OH | - | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
19 | 没食子酸六碳糖 | C | Ohexose, OH, OH | - | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||||
20 | 甲基没食子酸 | C | OCH3, OH, OH | - | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Jia et al., 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
21 | 乙基没食子酸 | C | OCH3CH2, OH, OH | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||||
22 | 2, 3-双没食子酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | G | G | H | H | - | 种仁, 叶 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
单宁-水解单宁-鞣花单宁和棓单宁混合结构 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 双没食子酰基鞣花酸 | A | G, G, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
24 | 没食子酰基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | G, pentose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||
25 | 没食子酰基甲基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | G, pentose, CH3, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
26 | 没食子酰基鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | G, H | - | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||
27 | 双没食子酰基鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | G | G | - | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
28 | 戊烯酸双内酯 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2015 | |||||||||||||||
29 | 戊烯酸双内酯水合物 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
单宁-缩合单宁-单体黄烷及其衍生物 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | (表)儿茶素 | D | H | H | H | H | H | H | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
31 | 儿茶素六碳糖 | D | hexose, H, H, H, H | H | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
32 | (表)儿茶素没食子酸酯 | D | G | H | H | H | H | H | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
33 | (表)没食子儿茶素 | D | H | H | H | H | H | OH | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
34 | (表)没食子酸儿茶素没食子酸酯 | D | G | H | H | H | H | OH | 种仁, 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
单宁-缩合单宁-原花青素 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | 原花青素的A型二聚体 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
36 | 原花青素的B型二聚体 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
类黄酮 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | 杜鹃黄素 | E | OH | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
38 | 杜鹃黄素-3-葡萄糖苷 | E | OGlu | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
39 | 杜鹃黄素-3-鼠李糖苷 | E | ORha | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
40 | 杜鹃黄素-3-阿拉伯糖苷 | E | OAra | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
41 | 杜鹃黄素-3-双葡萄糖苷 | E | OGluGlu | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
42 | 杜鹃黄素-3-芸香糖苷 | E | ORut | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
43 | 槲皮素 | E | OH | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶, 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
44 | 槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷(异槲皮苷) | E | OGlu | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
编号 | 名称 | 母核 | 取代基 | 部位 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||||||||||||
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
45 | 槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷 | E | ORha | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
46 | 槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷 | E | OAra | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
47 | 槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷 | E | OGal | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
48 | 槲皮素-3-(6''-没食子酰基)半乳糖苷 | E | OGal-6''-G | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
49 | 山核桃黄素 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
50 | 山核桃黄素-3'-/4'-葡萄糖苷 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OGlu/OH | OH/OGlu | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
51 | 山核桃黄素-3'-/4'-鼠李糖苷 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | ORha/OH | OH/ORha | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
52 | 山核桃黄素-3'-硫酸盐 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OSO3H | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
53 | 3'-甲氧基山核桃黄素 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OCH3 | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
54 | 3'-甲氧基山核桃黄素- 7-葡萄糖苷 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OGlu | OCH3 | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
55 | 山奈酚 | E | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
56 | 3-甲氧基山奈酚 | E | OCH3 | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
57 | 山奈酚-3-半乳糖苷(三叶豆苷) | E | OGal | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
58 | 山奈酚-3-(6''-没食子酰基)半乳糖苷 | E | OGal-6''-G | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
酚酸类 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | 对香豆酸 | F | H | OH | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
60 | 咖啡酸 | F | OH | OH | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
61 | 咖啡酸六碳糖 | F | OH/Ohexose | Ohexose/ OH | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
62 | 原儿茶酸六碳糖 | C | OH/Ohexose | Ohexose/ OH | H | - | - | - | 种仁, 树皮 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
63 | 对羟基苯甲酸 | C | H | OH | H | - | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
64 | 儿茶酚 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
65 | 原儿茶醛 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
66 | 绿原酸 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
67 | 短叶苏木酚酸 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2015 |
表1 已鉴定的薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物
Table 1 Phenolic metabolites identified in pecan
编号 | 名称 | 母核 | 取代基 | 部位 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
单宁-水解单宁-鞣花单宁 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 鞣花酸 | A | H | H | - | H | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Villarreal-Lozoya et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
2 | 鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | hexose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
3 | 鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | pentose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
4 | 鞣花酸鼠李糖 | A | rhamnose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
5 | 鞣花酸芸香糖 | A | rutinose, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Jia et al., 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
6 | 鞣花酰基鞣花酸葡萄糖 | A | HHDP, glucose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
7 | 乙酰基鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | CH3CO, hexose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
8 | 甲基鞣花酸 | A | CH3, H, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
9 | 甲基鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | CH3, hexose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
10 | 甲基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | CH3, pentose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
11 | 二甲基鞣花酸 | A | CH3, CH3, H, H | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
12 | 二甲基鞣花酸六碳糖 | A | CH3, CH3, hexose, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
13 | 二甲基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | CH3, CH3, pentose, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
编号 | 名称 | 母核 | 取代基 | 部位 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||||||||||||
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | H | H | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
15 | 橡椀酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-valoneoyl | H | H | - | 种仁 | Jia et al., 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
16 | 二鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3=(S)-HHDP | R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | - | - | Jia et al., 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
17 | 鞣花酰基橡椀酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3=(S)-HHDP/(S)-valoneoyl | R4-R5=(S)-valoneoyl/(S)-HHDP | - | - | Jia et al., 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
单宁-水解单宁-棓单宁 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 没食子酸 | C | OH | OH | OH | - | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
19 | 没食子酸六碳糖 | C | Ohexose, OH, OH | - | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||||
20 | 甲基没食子酸 | C | OCH3, OH, OH | - | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Jia et al., 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
21 | 乙基没食子酸 | C | OCH3CH2, OH, OH | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||||
22 | 2, 3-双没食子酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | G | G | H | H | - | 种仁, 叶 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
单宁-水解单宁-鞣花单宁和棓单宁混合结构 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 双没食子酰基鞣花酸 | A | G, G, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
24 | 没食子酰基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | G, pentose, H, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||
25 | 没食子酰基甲基鞣花酸五碳糖 | A | G, pentose, CH3, H | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||
26 | 没食子酰基鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | G, H | - | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||
27 | 双没食子酰基鞣花酰基葡萄糖 | B | OH | R2-R3/R4-R5=(S)-HHDP | G | G | - | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
28 | 戊烯酸双内酯 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2015 | |||||||||||||||
29 | 戊烯酸双内酯水合物 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
单宁-缩合单宁-单体黄烷及其衍生物 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | (表)儿茶素 | D | H | H | H | H | H | H | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
31 | 儿茶素六碳糖 | D | hexose, H, H, H, H | H | 种仁 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
32 | (表)儿茶素没食子酸酯 | D | G | H | H | H | H | H | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
33 | (表)没食子儿茶素 | D | H | H | H | H | H | OH | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
34 | (表)没食子酸儿茶素没食子酸酯 | D | G | H | H | H | H | OH | 种仁, 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
单宁-缩合单宁-原花青素 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | 原花青素的A型二聚体 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
36 | 原花青素的B型二聚体 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2014 | |||||||||||||||
类黄酮 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | 杜鹃黄素 | E | OH | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
38 | 杜鹃黄素-3-葡萄糖苷 | E | OGlu | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
39 | 杜鹃黄素-3-鼠李糖苷 | E | ORha | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
40 | 杜鹃黄素-3-阿拉伯糖苷 | E | OAra | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
41 | 杜鹃黄素-3-双葡萄糖苷 | E | OGluGlu | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
42 | 杜鹃黄素-3-芸香糖苷 | E | ORut | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
43 | 槲皮素 | E | OH | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶, 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
44 | 槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷(异槲皮苷) | E | OGlu | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
编号 | 名称 | 母核 | 取代基 | 部位 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||||||||||||
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
45 | 槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷 | E | ORha | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
46 | 槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷 | E | OAra | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
47 | 槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷 | E | OGal | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
48 | 槲皮素-3-(6''-没食子酰基)半乳糖苷 | E | OGal-6''-G | OH | OH | OH | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
49 | 山核桃黄素 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OH | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
50 | 山核桃黄素-3'-/4'-葡萄糖苷 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OGlu/OH | OH/OGlu | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
51 | 山核桃黄素-3'-/4'-鼠李糖苷 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | ORha/OH | OH/ORha | - | 树枝 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
52 | 山核桃黄素-3'-硫酸盐 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OSO3H | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
53 | 3'-甲氧基山核桃黄素 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OH | OCH3 | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
54 | 3'-甲氧基山核桃黄素- 7-葡萄糖苷 | E | OCH3 | OCH3 | OGlu | OCH3 | OH | - | 树皮 | Abdallah et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
55 | 山奈酚 | E | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
56 | 3-甲氧基山奈酚 | E | OCH3 | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Ishak et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
57 | 山奈酚-3-半乳糖苷(三叶豆苷) | E | OGal | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
58 | 山奈酚-3-(6''-没食子酰基)半乳糖苷 | E | OGal-6''-G | OH | OH | H | OH | - | 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
酚酸类 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | 对香豆酸 | F | H | OH | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 | |||||||||||||||
60 | 咖啡酸 | F | OH | OH | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
61 | 咖啡酸六碳糖 | F | OH/Ohexose | Ohexose/ OH | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
62 | 原儿茶酸六碳糖 | C | OH/Ohexose | Ohexose/ OH | H | - | - | - | 种仁, 树皮 | Gong and Pegg, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
63 | 对羟基苯甲酸 | C | H | OH | H | - | - | - | 种仁, 叶 | Gad et al., 2007 | |||||||||||||||
64 | 儿茶酚 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
65 | 原儿茶醛 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | de la Rosa et al., 2011 | |||||||||||||||
66 | 绿原酸 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Malik et al., 2009 | |||||||||||||||
67 | 短叶苏木酚酸 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 种仁 | Robbins et al., 2015 |
名称 | 结构类型 | 部位 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
(表)没食子儿茶素 | 黄烷醇 | 种仁, 壳 | da la Rosa et al., 2011; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
(表)儿茶素 | 黄烷醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 | 缩合单宁 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
黄颜木素 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
紫杉叶素 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
槲皮素 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
杨梅黄酮 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
香树素 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
圣草酚 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
柚皮素 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
芹菜素 | 黄酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
高良姜素 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
羟甲香豆素 | 香豆素 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
没食子酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; da la Rosa et al., 2011; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
龙胆酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 |
香草酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 |
原儿茶酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
原儿茶醛 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980; da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
对羟基苯甲酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980; da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
对羟基苯乙酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 |
香豆酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
丁香酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
苦杏仁酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
绿原酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
香兰素 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
阿魏酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
迷迭香酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
水杨酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
白藜芦醇 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
对茴香酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
芥子醛 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
鞣花酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | da la Rosa et al., 2011; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
甲基鞣花酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
戊烯酸双内酯 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
表2 薄壳山核桃中已鉴定的酚类代谢物苷元
Table 2 Phenolic metabolite aglucons identified in pecan
名称 | 结构类型 | 部位 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
(表)没食子儿茶素 | 黄烷醇 | 种仁, 壳 | da la Rosa et al., 2011; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
(表)儿茶素 | 黄烷醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 | 缩合单宁 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
黄颜木素 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
紫杉叶素 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
槲皮素 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
杨梅黄酮 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
香树素 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
圣草酚 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
柚皮素 | 黄烷酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
芹菜素 | 黄酮 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
高良姜素 | 黄酮醇 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
羟甲香豆素 | 香豆素 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
没食子酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; da la Rosa et al., 2011; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
龙胆酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 |
香草酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 |
原儿茶酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
原儿茶醛 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980; da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
对羟基苯甲酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980; da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
对羟基苯乙酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | Senter et al., 1980 |
香豆酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
丁香酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁, 壳 | Senter et al., 1980; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
苦杏仁酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
绿原酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
香兰素 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
阿魏酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
迷迭香酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
水杨酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
白藜芦醇 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
对茴香酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
芥子醛 | 酚酸 | 壳 | Hilbig et al., 2018a |
鞣花酸 | 酚酸 | 壳 | da la Rosa et al., 2011; Hilbig et al., 2018a |
甲基鞣花酸 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
戊烯酸双内酯 | 酚酸 | 种仁 | da la Rosa et al., 2011 |
部位 | 溶剂 | 提取方法 | 检测方法 | 组分 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
种仁 | 含0.1% HCl的甲醇 | 冷浸3小时 | 纸层析显色 | 初步认为含无色花色素 | |
种仁 | 含0.1% HCl的甲醇 | 回流提取2小时2次, 合并浓缩后用1 mol·L-1 HCl回流水解2小时, 乙酸乙酯萃取, 甲酯化 | GC-MS | 8个酚酸 | |
树枝, 叶 | 70%乙醇 | 回流提取, 浓缩后聚酰胺柱反复柱层 析分离 | H1-NMR, C13- NMR | 从树枝中分离出4个类黄酮; 从叶中分离出5个类黄酮、 | |
叶 | 水 | 回流提取, 烘干, 再用乙醇提取, Sephadex LH-20柱反复柱层析分离 | H1-NMR, C13- NMR | 1个酚酸、8个类黄酮和6个单宁 | |
种仁 | 70%丙酮 | 正己烷脱脂, 匀浆, 5°C摇床振摇过夜。分别用6 mol·L-1 HCl和8 mol·L-1 NaOH进行酸和碱水解 | HPLC-DAD | 4个酚类代谢物 | |
种仁 | 80%甲醇 | 正己烷脱脂, 匀浆机提取30秒, 2次, 再用Sephadex LH-20小柱除杂 | HPLC-DAD | 8个酚酸 | |
种仁 | 80%丙酮 | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C匀浆提取30分钟, 2次 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS | 5个酚酸、2个类黄酮、5个鞣花单宁和1个棓单宁 | |
树皮 | 70%乙醇 | 70°C回流提取, 硅胶柱及Sephadex LH-20柱反复柱层析 | H1-NMR, C13- NMR | 6个类黄酮和1个酚酸 | |
种仁 | 丙酮:水:乙酸(70:29.5:0.5) (v/v/v) | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C摇床提取30分钟, 3次, 减压回收有机溶剂, 冻干, Sephadex LH-20柱分段 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 27个酚类代谢物, 其中包含2个鞣花单宁、2个棓单宁和2个缩合单宁 | |
种仁 | 丙酮:水:乙酸(70:29.5:0.5) (v/v/v) | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C摇床提取30分钟, 3次, 减压回收有机溶剂, 冻干。分别用 6 mol·L-1 HCl和2 mol·L-1 NaOH进行酸和碱水解 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 水解前13个酚类代谢物, 碱水解后8个, 酸水解后9个 | |
种仁 | 丙酮:水:乙酸(70:29.5:0.5) (v/v/v) | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C摇床提取30分钟, 3次, 减压回收有机溶剂, 冻干, Sephadex LH-20柱分段 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS | 38个酚类代谢物, 其中包含15个鞣花单宁、3个棓单宁和13个原花青素 | |
种仁 | 80%丙酮 | 正己烷脱脂, 提取液冷浸过夜, 室温超声提取2小时, 2次, 50°C氮吹仪吹干, 冻干 | HPLC-DAD, UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS | 35个酚类代谢物, 其中包含18个鞣花单宁、2个棓单宁和2个原花青素 | |
壳 | 20%乙醇 | 80°C超声提取1小时, 减压回收溶剂 | HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 29个酚酸苷元, 其中包含12个类黄酮和1个香豆素 |
表3 薄壳山核桃酚类代谢物的常用提取与检测方法
Table 3 Extraction and examination methods of phenolic metabolites in pecan
部位 | 溶剂 | 提取方法 | 检测方法 | 组分 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
种仁 | 含0.1% HCl的甲醇 | 冷浸3小时 | 纸层析显色 | 初步认为含无色花色素 | |
种仁 | 含0.1% HCl的甲醇 | 回流提取2小时2次, 合并浓缩后用1 mol·L-1 HCl回流水解2小时, 乙酸乙酯萃取, 甲酯化 | GC-MS | 8个酚酸 | |
树枝, 叶 | 70%乙醇 | 回流提取, 浓缩后聚酰胺柱反复柱层 析分离 | H1-NMR, C13- NMR | 从树枝中分离出4个类黄酮; 从叶中分离出5个类黄酮、 | |
叶 | 水 | 回流提取, 烘干, 再用乙醇提取, Sephadex LH-20柱反复柱层析分离 | H1-NMR, C13- NMR | 1个酚酸、8个类黄酮和6个单宁 | |
种仁 | 70%丙酮 | 正己烷脱脂, 匀浆, 5°C摇床振摇过夜。分别用6 mol·L-1 HCl和8 mol·L-1 NaOH进行酸和碱水解 | HPLC-DAD | 4个酚类代谢物 | |
种仁 | 80%甲醇 | 正己烷脱脂, 匀浆机提取30秒, 2次, 再用Sephadex LH-20小柱除杂 | HPLC-DAD | 8个酚酸 | |
种仁 | 80%丙酮 | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C匀浆提取30分钟, 2次 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS | 5个酚酸、2个类黄酮、5个鞣花单宁和1个棓单宁 | |
树皮 | 70%乙醇 | 70°C回流提取, 硅胶柱及Sephadex LH-20柱反复柱层析 | H1-NMR, C13- NMR | 6个类黄酮和1个酚酸 | |
种仁 | 丙酮:水:乙酸(70:29.5:0.5) (v/v/v) | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C摇床提取30分钟, 3次, 减压回收有机溶剂, 冻干, Sephadex LH-20柱分段 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 27个酚类代谢物, 其中包含2个鞣花单宁、2个棓单宁和2个缩合单宁 | |
种仁 | 丙酮:水:乙酸(70:29.5:0.5) (v/v/v) | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C摇床提取30分钟, 3次, 减压回收有机溶剂, 冻干。分别用 6 mol·L-1 HCl和2 mol·L-1 NaOH进行酸和碱水解 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 水解前13个酚类代谢物, 碱水解后8个, 酸水解后9个 | |
种仁 | 丙酮:水:乙酸(70:29.5:0.5) (v/v/v) | 正己烷脱脂, 50°C摇床提取30分钟, 3次, 减压回收有机溶剂, 冻干, Sephadex LH-20柱分段 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS | 38个酚类代谢物, 其中包含15个鞣花单宁、3个棓单宁和13个原花青素 | |
种仁 | 80%丙酮 | 正己烷脱脂, 提取液冷浸过夜, 室温超声提取2小时, 2次, 50°C氮吹仪吹干, 冻干 | HPLC-DAD, UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS | 35个酚类代谢物, 其中包含18个鞣花单宁、2个棓单宁和2个原花青素 | |
壳 | 20%乙醇 | 80°C超声提取1小时, 减压回收溶剂 | HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 29个酚酸苷元, 其中包含12个类黄酮和1个香豆素 |
部位 | 抗氧化性平均值(范围) | 参考文献 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH (μmol TE∙g-1) | ABTS (μmol TE∙g-1) | ORAC (μmol TE∙g-1) | FRAP (mmol Fe2+ eq∙(100 g)-1) | ||
种仁 | - | - | 179.4 | - | |
种仁 | - | - | - | 8.33 (6.32-11.05) | |
种仁 | 388 (324-540) | - | 583 (373-817) | - | |
种仁 | 102.6-108.7 | 75.9-83.4 | 227-261.5 | - | |
种仁 | 2110 | 3360 | - | - | |
种仁 | - | - | 135-255 | 14.0-20.7 | |
种仁 | 548.84 | - | - | - | |
种仁 | 37.24-461.80 | 6.74-201.49 | - | - | |
壳80%丙酮提取液 | 537.8-720.3 | 518.4-644.2 | 680.3-1350.3 | - | |
壳水提液 | 1386.28 | 1333.1 | - | - | |
壳80%丙酮提取液 | 4800 | 8240 | - | - | |
壳水提液 | 2448.96 | 1809.01 | - | - | |
壳水提液 | 1268.03 | 2574.32 | - | - |
表4 薄壳山核桃抗氧化性比较
Table 4 Comparison of antioxidant capacities of pecan
部位 | 抗氧化性平均值(范围) | 参考文献 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH (μmol TE∙g-1) | ABTS (μmol TE∙g-1) | ORAC (μmol TE∙g-1) | FRAP (mmol Fe2+ eq∙(100 g)-1) | ||
种仁 | - | - | 179.4 | - | |
种仁 | - | - | - | 8.33 (6.32-11.05) | |
种仁 | 388 (324-540) | - | 583 (373-817) | - | |
种仁 | 102.6-108.7 | 75.9-83.4 | 227-261.5 | - | |
种仁 | 2110 | 3360 | - | - | |
种仁 | - | - | 135-255 | 14.0-20.7 | |
种仁 | 548.84 | - | - | - | |
种仁 | 37.24-461.80 | 6.74-201.49 | - | - | |
壳80%丙酮提取液 | 537.8-720.3 | 518.4-644.2 | 680.3-1350.3 | - | |
壳水提液 | 1386.28 | 1333.1 | - | - | |
壳80%丙酮提取液 | 4800 | 8240 | - | - | |
壳水提液 | 2448.96 | 1809.01 | - | - | |
壳水提液 | 1268.03 | 2574.32 | - | - |
[1] | 李珊珊, 吴倩, 袁茹玉, 邵帅, 张会金, 王亮生 (2014). 莲属植物类黄酮代谢产物的研究进展. 植物学报 49, 738-750. |
[2] | 柳鎏, 孙醉君 (1986). 中国重要经济树种. 南京: 江苏科学技术出版社. pp. 78-89. |
[3] | 罗会婷, 贾晓东, 翟敏, 宣继萍, 张计育, 王刚, 贾展慧, 黄胜男, 郭忠仁, 翁文昕 (2017). 薄壳山核桃营养成分的研究进展. 中国农学通报 33(8), 39-46. |
[4] | 裴东, 鲁新政 (2011). 中国核桃种质资源. 北京: 中国林业出版社. pp. 41-43. |
[5] | 石碧, 狄莹 (2000). 植物多酚. 北京: 科学出版社. pp. 5-18. |
[6] | 孙达旺 (1992). 植物单宁化学. 北京: 中国林业出版社. pp. 3. |
[7] | Abdallah HM, Salama MM, Abd-Elrahman EH, El-Maraghy SA (2011). Antidiabetic activity of phenolic compounds from pecan bark in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytochem Lett 4, 337-341. |
[8] | Alasalvar C, Shahidi F (2009). Natural antioxidants in tree nuts. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 111, 1056-1062. |
[9] | Anzaldúa-Morales A, Brusewitz GH, Anderson JA (1999). Pecan texture as affected by freezing rates, storage temperature, and thawing rates. J Food Sci 64, 332-335. |
[10] | Blomhoff R, Carlsen MH, Andersen LF, Jacobs Jr DR (2006). Health benefits of nuts: potential role of antioxidants. Br J Nutr 96, S52-S60. |
[11] | Bonner FT, Karrfalt RP (2008). The Woody Plant Seed Manual. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 333. |
[12] | Chun OK, Kim DO (2004). Consideration on equivalent chemicals in total phenolic assay of chlorogenic acid-rich plums. Food Res Int 37, 337-342. |
[13] | de la Rosa LA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Shahidi F (2011). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of kernels and shells of Mexican pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). J Agric Food Chem 59, 152-162. |
[14] | de la Rosa LA, Vazquez-Flores AA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Rodrigo-Garc AJN, Medina-Campos ON, Vila-Nava A, González-Reyes S, Pedraza-Chaverri J (2014). Content of major classes of polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cell protective activity of pecan crude extracts and their fractions. J Funct Foods 7, 219-228. |
[15] | do Prado ACP, da Silva HS, da Silveira SM, Barreto PLM, Vieira CRW, Maraschin M, Ferreira SRS, Block JM (2014). Effect of the extraction process on the phenolic compounds profile and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts of pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh) C. Koch] shell. Ind Crops Prod 52, 552-561. |
[16] | do Prado ACP, Manion BA, Seetharaman K, Deschamps FC, Arellano DB, Block JM (2013). Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of the oil and the shell of pecan nuts [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh) C. Koch]. Ind Crops Prod 45, 64-73. |
[17] | Domínguez-Avila JA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, López-Díaz JA, Maldonado-Mendoza IE, del Consuelo Gómez-García M, de la Rosa LA (2015). The pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) and its oil and polyphenolic fractions differentially modulate lipid metabolism and the antioxidant enzyme activities in rats fed high-fat diets. Food Chem 168, 529-537. |
[18] | Dull GEG, Kays STJ (1988). Quality and mechanical stability of pecan kernels with different packaging protocols. J Food Sci 53, 565-567. |
[19] | Flores-Córdova MA, Sánchez E, Muñoz-Márquez E, Ojeda-Barrios DL, Soto-Parra JM, Preciado-Rangel P (2017). Phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity in Mexican pecan nut. Emir J Food Agr 29, 346-350. |
[20] | Gad HA, Ayoub NA, Al-Azizi MM (2007). Phenolic constituents with promising antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities from the leaves extract of Carya illinoinensis. Nat Prod Indian J 3, 151-158. |
[21] | Gong Y, Pegg RB (2017). Separation of ellagitannin-rich phenolics from U.S. pecans and Chinese hickory nuts using fused-core HPLC columns and their characterization. J Agric Food Chem 65, 5810-5820. |
[22] | Grauke LJ, Iqbal MJ, Reddy AS, Thompson TE (2003). Developing microsatellite DNA markers in pecan. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 128, 374-380. |
[23] | Grauke LJ, Thompson TE, Young EF, Petersen HD (1998). The effect of year, cultivar, location, and storage regime on pecan kernel color. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 123, 681-686. |
[24] | Grimmer HR, Parbhoo V, McGrath RM (1992). Antimutagenicity of polyphenol-rich fractions from sorghum-bicolor grain. J Sci Food Agric 59, 251-256. |
[25] | Gu LW, Kelm M, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Cunningham D, Vannozzi S, Prior RL (2002). Fractionation of polymeric procyanidins from lowbush blueberry and quantification of procyanidins in selected foods with an optimized normal-phase HPLC-MS fluorescent detection method. J Agric Food Chem 50, 4852-4860. |
[26] | Gu LW, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowitz D, Gebhardt S, Prior RL (2004). Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in common foods and estimations of normal consumption. J Nutr 134, 613-617. |
[27] | Heaton EK, Shewfelt AL (1976). Pecan quality effect of light exposure on kernel color and flavor. Lebensm Wiss U Technol 9, 201-206. |
[28] | Hilbig J, Alves VR, Müller CMO, Micke GA, Vitali L, Pedrosa RC, Block JM (2018a). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with sample preparation and analysis using LC-ESI-MS/MS allowed the identification of 24 new phenolic compounds in pecan nut shell [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh) C. Koch] extracts. Food Res Int 106, 549-557. |
[29] | Hilbig J, de Britto Policarpi P, de Souza Grinevicius VMA, Mota NSRS, Toaldo IM, Luiz MTB, Pedrosa RC, Block JM (2018b). Aqueous extract from pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh) C. Koch] shell show activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and Ehrlich ascites tumor in Balb-C mice. J Ethnopharmacol 211, 256-266. |
[30] | Holton TA, Cornish EC (1995). Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7, 1071-1083. |
[31] | Ishak MS, Ahmed AA, Abd-Alla MF, Saleh NAM (1980). Flavonol glycosides of Carya pecan. Phytochemistry 19, 2512-2513. |
[32] | Jia XD, Luo HT, Xu MY, Zhai M, Guo ZR, Qiao YS, Wang LJ (2018). Dynamic changes in phenolics and antioxidant capacity during pecan (Carya illinoinensis) kernel ripening and its phenolics profiles. Molecules 23, 435. |
[33] | Kays SJ (1979). Pecan kernel color changes during maturation, harvest, storage and distribution. Pecan Quart 13, 4-12, 34. |
[34] | Kornsteiner M, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chem 98, 381-387. |
[35] | Lei ZT, Kranawetter C, Sumner BW, Huhman D, Wherritt DJ, Thomas AL, Rohla C, Sumner LW (2018). Metabolo- mics of two pecan varieties provides insights into scab resistance. Metabolites 8, 56. |
[36] | Malik NS, Perez JL, Lombardini L, Cornacchia R, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Braford J (2009). Phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition of organic and conventional grown pecan kernels. J Sci Food Agric 89, 2207-2213. |
[37] | Mo ZH, He HY, Su WC, Peng FR (2017). Analysis of differentially accumulated proteins associated with graft union formation in pecan ( Carya illinoensis). Sci Hortic 224, 126-134. |
[38] | Morgan WA, Clayshulte BJ (2000). Pecans lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with normal lipid levels. J Am Diet Assoc 100, 312-318. |
[39] | Müller LG, Pase CS, Reckziegel P, Barcelos RCS, Boufleur N, Prado ACP, Fett R, Block JM, Pavanato MA, Bauermann LF, da Rocha JBT, Burger ME (2013). Hepatoprotective effects of pecan nut shells on ethanol-induced liver damage. Exp Toxicol Pathol 65, 165-171. |
[40] | Nelson SO, Senter SD, Forbus Jr WR (1985). Dielectric and steam heating treatments for quality maintenance in stored pecans. J Microwave Power 20, 71-74. |
[41] | Polles SG, Hanny BW, Harvey AJ (1981). Condensed tannins in kernels of thirty-one pecan [Carya illinoensis(Wangenh) K. Koch] cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 29, 196-197. |
[42] | Rajaram S, Burke K, Connell B, Myint T, Sabaté J (2001). A monounsaturated fatty acid-rich pecan-enriched diet favorably alters the serum lipid profile of healthy men and women. J Nutr 131, 2275-2279. |
[43] | Reckziegel P, Boufleur N, Barcelos RCS, Benvegnú DM, Pase CS, Muller LG, Teixeira AM, Zanella R, Prado ACP, Fett R, Block JM, Burger ME (2011). Oxidative stress and anxiety-like symptoms related to withdrawal of passive cigarette smoke in mice: beneficial effects of pecan nut shells extract, a by-product of the nut industry. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74, 1770-1778. |
[44] | Ribeiro PCE, de Britto Policarpi P, dal Bo A, Barbetta PA, Block JM (2017). Impact of pecan nut shell aqueous extract on the oxidative properties of margarines during storage. J Sci Food Agric 97, 3005-3012. |
[45] | Robbins KS, Gong Y, Wells ML, Greenspan P, Pegg RB (2015). Investigation of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of U.S. pecans. J Funct Foods 15, 11-22. |
[46] | Robbins KS, Greenspan P, Pegg RB (2016). Effect of pecan phenolics on the release of nitric oxide from murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Food Chem 212, 681-687. |
[47] | Robbins KS, Ma YY, Wells ML, Greenspan P, Pegg RB (2014). Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds from U.S. pecans by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 62, 4332-4341. |
[48] | Rudolph CJ, Odell GV, Hinrichs HA, Hopfer DA, Kays SJ (1992). Genetic, environmental, and maturity effects on pecan kernel lipid, fatty acid, tocopherol, and protein composition. J Food Qual 15, 263-278. |
[49] | Senter SD, Forbus Jr WR (1979). Effects of acetylated monoglyceride coatings on pecan kernel shelf-life. J Food Sci 44, 1752-1755. |
[50] | Senter SD, Forbus Jr WR, Smit CJB (1978). Leucoanthocyanidin oxidation in pecan kernels: relation to discoloration and kernel quality. J Food Sci 43, 128-134. |
[51] | Senter SD, Horvat RJ, Forbus Jr WR (1980). Relation between phenolic acid content and stability of pecans in accelerated storage. J Food Sci 45, 1380-1382. |
[52] | Sumner LW, Amberg A, Barrett D, Beale MH, Beger R, Daykin CA, Fan TWM, Fiehn O, Goodacre R, Griffin JL, Hankemeier T, Hardy N, Harnly J, Higashi R, Kopka J, Lane AN, Lindon JC, Marriott P, Nicholls AW, Reily MD, Thaden JJ, Viant MR (2007). Proposed minimum reporting standards for chemical analysis: Chemical Analysis Working Group (CAWG) Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI). Metabolomics 3, 211-221. |
[53] | Villarreal-Lozoya JE, Lombardini L, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2007). Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of different pecan [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars. Food Chem 102, 1241-1249. |
[54] | Woodroof JG, Heaton EK (1953). Year round on pecans by refrigerated storage. Food Engr 25, 83-85, 141. |
[55] | Wu XL, Beecher GR, Holden JM, Haytowitz DB, Gebhardt SE, Prior RL (2004). Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States. J Agric Food Chem 52, 4026-4037. |
[56] | Yang J, Liu RH, Halim L (2009). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common edible nut seeds. LWT-Food Sci Technol 42, 1-8. |
[57] | Yao F, Dull G, Eitenmiller R (1992). Tocopherol quantification by HPLC in pecans and relationship to kernel quality during storage. J Food Sci 57, 1194-1197. |
[58] | Zhang JY, Guo ZR, Zhang R, Li YR, Cao L, Liang YW, Huang LB (2015). Auxin type, auxin concentration, and air and substrate temperature difference play key roles in the rooting of juvenile hardwood pecan cuttings. HortTechnology 25, 209-213. |
[1] | 葛颂. 中国植物系统和进化生物学研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(7): 22385-. |
[2] | 陈凡, 顾红雅, 漆小泉, 钱前, 左建儒, 杨淑华, 陈之端, 王雷, 林荣呈, 姜里文, 王小菁, 萧浪涛, 白永飞, 种康, 王台. 2021年中国植物科学重要研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2022, 57(2): 139-152. |
[3] | 顾红雅, 左建儒, 漆小泉, 杨淑华, 陈之端, 钱前, 林荣呈, 王雷, 萧浪涛, 王小菁, 陈凡, 姜里文, 白永飞, 种康, 王台. 2020年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2021, 56(2): 119-133. |
[4] | 李崇玮, 柏新富, 陈国忠, 朱萍, 张淑婷, 侯玉平, 张兴晓. 不同恢复年限老参地土壤养分以及酚酸类代谢物含量差异[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(11): 1263-1274. |
[5] | 井新, 贺金生. 生物多样性与生态系统多功能性和多服务性的关系: 回顾与展望[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(10): 1094-1111. |
[6] | 左建儒, 漆小泉, 林荣呈, 钱前, 顾红雅, 陈凡, 杨淑华, 陈之端, 白永飞, 王雷, 王小菁, 姜里文, 萧浪涛, 种康, 王台. 2019年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2020, 55(3): 257-269. |
[7] | 陈东军, 钟林生. 国外国家公园教育利用研究进展与启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(10): 1266-1275. |
[8] | 钱前, 漆小泉, 林荣呈, 杨淑华, 董爱武, 左建儒, 陈凡, 萧浪涛, 顾红雅, 陈之端, 白永飞, 王小菁, 王雷, 姜里文, 种康, 王台. 2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2019, 54(4): 405-440. |
[9] | 马爱民, 漆小泉. 利用多组学手段解析番茄育种过程中代谢物变化的机制[J]. 植物学报, 2018, 53(5): 578-580. |
[10] | 杜康兮, 沈文辉, 董爱武. 表观遗传调控植物响应非生物胁迫的研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2018, 53(5): 581-593. |
[11] | 陈凡, 钱前, 王台, 董爱武, 漆小泉, 左建儒, 杨淑华, 林荣呈, 萧浪涛, 顾红雅, 陈之端, 姜里文, 白永飞, 孔宏智, 种康. 2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2018, 53(4): 391-440. |
[12] | 卢玉鹏, 许纪元, 张晓曦, 王博雅, 谢博, 刘增文. 林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(6): 639-649. |
[13] | . 2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2017, 52(4): 394-452. |
[14] | 夏正俊. 大豆基因组解析与重要农艺性状基因克隆研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2017, 52(2): 148-158. |
[15] | 苏上, 王丽金, 吴杰, 李冰, 王伟伟, 王亮生. 笃斯越桔化学成分及其功能活性的研究进展[J]. 植物学报, 2016, 51(5): 691-704. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||