Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Germination Under Drought Stress

doi:10.11983/CBB20048

Abstract

Abstract: In order to reveal the effect of epigenetic mechanism under drought stress toward seed germination of transgenic rice within high maize C₄-type PEPC gene expressing, C₄-PEPC transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice Kitaake (WT) were used in this study. By introducing DNA methylation inhibitor (5-azacytidine, 5azaC) and alternative splicing inhibitors (macrolides pladienolide B, PB), the drought simulation treatments with 10% (m/v) polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG6000) alone or combining with the inhibitors were used for seed germination experiments. Seed vigor, soluble sugar and soluble protein content, α-amylase activity and the expression levels of related genes, PEPC-related genes, sugar signal-related genes, and some splicing factor genes during germination were measured. In the results, when treated with 0.25 µmol·L^-1, PB had showed a significant inhibitory effect on the seed germination of the two tested rice lines under drought conditions. The content of total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose and soluble protein during seed germination after PB addition was reduced to a certain extent under drought conditions. PB treatment also inhibited the gene expression of sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase SnRKs family and the splicing factor arginine/serine-rich proteins (SR proteins), and the activity of α-amylase as well, but the inhibitory effect on PC is less than those on WT. 5 µmol·L ^-1 5azaC treatment had an opposite effect with alternative splicing inhibitors. The combination treatment with 5azaC and PEG6000 partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of drought stress on rice seed germination, and the germination rate of the tested materials increased. It can be seen that the mechanism of DNA methylation and alternative splicing are involved in drought tolerance at the bud stage of rice lines, with a larger effect on PC.

Key words: alternative splicing, DNA methylation, drought stress, germination, PEPC gene, rice (Oryza sativa)

Ningxi Song, Yingfeng Xie, Xia Li. Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on C₄ Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Germination Under Drought Stress[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(6): 677-692.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB20048

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2020/V55/I6/677

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Primers used in this study

Gene	Forward primer (5'-3')	Reverse primer (5'-3')
Actin	CCCTCAAACATCGGTATGGA	TTGATCTTCATGCTGCTTGG
OsK1a	AACCAGAGGTAACAGGCAGG	AACCAGAGGTAACAGGCAGG
OsK24	CGTGTTGGCTTCAGTGAAT	CCTTCTCTATCTAAGGGCCG
OsK35	TTGTGTTGGCTTCAGTGAAA	CCTTCGCTGTCTAAGGACTG
C₄-PEPC	CCCACTATCCTTCGCAAGAC	CTAGCCAGTGTTCTGCATGCCGG
Osppc2a	CTGGTTGAGATGGTTTTCGC	GGTGTGAATTCAGGCACTTC
SAPK8	ATAGATGATAATGTCCAGCG	GTTCCTACAGTGGATTTTGG
SAPK9	CACAGCAACGCCGTCTCC	CACACTTCCACCGCTACCAA
SAPK10	TGCTGATGTGTGGTCGTGTG	TGCTGGTATGGTCGCCTCT
SR40	CAATCTGGGGACTGCTTTC	TCCTGCTTGGGCTTTTACT
SR33	ATATTGCCTGCTACCCGAAAG	CAGAGCAGCACCCAGTTTATTAC
OsAmy1A	TTTCGGTCCTCATCGTCCTCC	TCCACGACTCCCAGTTGAATC
OsAmy1C	TGGTATCGATCAGAAACCGGC	GTCCGACCTTCGTGATGACC
OsAmy3C	AAGCATTCCACCACAATGAGC	AGGAAGTTGTACCACCCACC
OsAmy3E	TCACCCTGTGTTGTGTCGTT	AAAGTTGTACCACCCGCCTT

Figure 1 Effects of different treatments on seed vigor of transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) (A) Germination; (B) Germination rate; (C) Germination index; (D) Vigor index; (E) Images of germinating seeds at different time. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Bars=0.5 cm

Figure 2 Effects of different treatments on root length (A), shoot length (B) and root/bud ratio (C) of transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 3 Effects of different treatments on total soluble sugar content (A) and soluble protein content (B) of transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 4 Effects of different treatments on sugar content of transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds (A), (D) Sucrose content at 24 h and 48 h after germination, respectively; (B), (E) Glucose content at 24 h and 48 h after germination, respectively; (C), (F) Fructose content at 24 h and 48 h after germination, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 5 Effects of different treatments on the expression of SnRK related genes in transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 6 Effects of different treatments on expression of splicing factor related genes in transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 7 Effects of different treatments on expression of PEPC-related genes in transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 8 Effects of different treatments on expression of α-amylase related genes in transgenic rice (PC) and type wild rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

Figure 9 Effects of different treatments on α-amylase activity in transgenic rice (PC) and wild type rice (WT) germinating seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

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Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on C₄ Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Germination Under Drought Stress

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