植物学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (01): 119-127.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2010.01.017

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银杏雌雄配子体发育及胚胎形成的研究进展

王莉, 陆彦, 金飚*, 林明明, 陈鹏*

  

  1. 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院, 扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2008-11-26 修回日期:2009-08-25 出版日期:2010-01-01 发布日期:2010-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 陈鹏

Gametophyte Development and Embryogenesis in Ginkgo biloba: a Current View

Li Wang, Yan Lu, Biao Jin*, Mingming Lin, Peng Chen*

  

  1. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2008-11-26 Revised:2009-08-25 Online:2010-01-01 Published:2010-01-01
  • Contact: Peng Chen*

摘要:

银杏(Ginkgo biloba)是现存最古老的裸子植物之一, 其生殖过程表现出许多原始特征和独特性状, 长期以来备受国内外专家的关注。经过近100年的研究取得了显著成果: (1) 银杏雄配子体发育周期长, 经历了从平周分裂到斜背式分裂,并最终垂周分裂形成带有鞭毛的游动精子; (2) 银杏雌配子体发育经历较长的游离核期和细胞化期, 分化形成颈卵器母细胞并经平周分裂、垂周分裂和斜向分裂形成成熟的颈卵器(包括有4个颈细胞和1个卵细胞); (3) 推测其精细胞中的液泡状结构为受精过程中的遗传物质载体; (4) 原胚的形成经历了游离核期和细胞化期。该文针对国内外最新银杏生殖生物学方面的研究进展, 对银杏雌雄配子体发育、受精过程以及胚胎形成等方面进行较为系统全面的分析和总结, 为进一步的银杏生殖生物学研究提供有价值的参考资料。

Abstract: Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest extant lineages of gymnosperms, and many original characteristics and unique features of its reproductive process have attracted wide attention. Studies over the last 100 years have shown that (1) the male gametophyte has a long growth period, from periclinal division to anticlinal ring-like division to final division anticlinally into motile sperm with flagella; (2) after a long period of free nuclear and cellularization phases, the female gametophyte divides into archegonial initials that finally form mature archegonia consisting of 4 neck cells and 1 egg cell, through periclinal division, anticlinal division and oblique division; (3) the vacuole-like structure in sperm cells could be the carrier of some genetic substances during fertilization; and (4) proembryo formation includes a period of free nuclear and cellularization phases. This review of recent studies by us and other groups integrates knowledge of the development of male and female gametophytes, the fertilization process and embryogenesis to provide valuable information for further reproductive study of this species.