天麻蔗糖转运基因家族的鉴定及功能特性研究

doi:10.11983/CBB25187

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在解析异养兰科植物天麻（Gastrodia elata）蔗糖转运基因家族的组成、表达模式及其对碳分配与积累的调控机制，以揭示其在品种间糖代谢差异形成中的作用。利用生物信息学方法，解析GeSUT基因家族成员的理化性质、进化关系、保守基序及二/三级结构，采用qRT-PCR比较不同天麻品种组织特异性表达模式，并对碳水化合物的时空分布进行测定，同时结合转录组分析验证。结果表明，共筛选出 7 个 GeSUT 基因，分布于 6 条非同源染色体。该家族内部与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)及兰科近缘物种铁皮石斛(Dendrobiuum officinale)、小兰屿蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis equestris)、紫金舌唇兰(Platanthera zijinensis)、广东舌唇兰(Platanthera guangdongensis)进化关系复杂，基序及三级结构保守又分化。qRT-PCR 显示，乌天麻整体相对表达量最高，米麻期 GeSUT3（平均 54.806）和 GeSUT4（平均 46.137）显著高于绿天麻（分别为 24.172、16.255），白头麻期二者相对表达量进一步提升（65.324 和 54.365），各阶段持续高表达。碳水化合物分析表明，乌天麻可溶性糖含量显著优势，米麻期达 64.17mg/g，白头麻期 82.08mg/g，均高于红天麻（29.17mg/g 和 70.83mg/g）和绿天麻（7.46mg/g 和 25mg/g），而蔗糖含量相对较低（米麻为 28.63mg/g、白头麻为 24.7mg/g）；红天麻糖含量分布均匀，绿天麻代谢低效。转录组学分析证实差异基因富集糖代谢，且筛选出可能调控 GeSUT 家族的转录因子，关键酶基因与 GeSUT 表达存在显著相关性，凸显 GeSUT 调控碳分配。天麻蔗糖转运基因编码蛋白特性等差异显著，在品系、发育时期及组织中呈现差异性但时空表达模式趋同。本研究揭示了天麻蔗糖转运基因的独特适应性进化特征及品系糖代谢差异，明确了异养与自养植物蔗糖转运机制的核心区别，为天麻遗传育种和栽培提供理论依据。

关键词: 天麻, GeSUT基因家族, 基因功能, 碳水化合物, 转录组学分析

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition and expression patterns of the sucrose transport gene family of Gastrodia elata and its regulatory mechanism on carbon allocation and accumulation, in order to reveal its role in the formation of differences in glucose metabolism among varieties. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, conserved motifs and secondary/tertiary structures of GeSUT gene family members, and the tissue-specific expression patterns of different Gastrodia cultivars were compared by qRT-PCR, and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbohydrates was determined, and verified by transcriptome analysis. The results showed that a total of 7 GeSUT genes were screened out, distributed on 6 non-homologous chromosomes. The family is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and related species Dendrobiuum officinale, Phalaenopsis equestris, Platanthera zijinensis, and Platanthera guangdongensis) has complex evolutionary relationships, and the motif and tertiary structure are conserved and differentiated. qRT-PCR showed that the overall relative expression of Gastrodia elata f. glauca S.Chow was the highest, and the relative expression levels of GeSUT3 (mean 54.806) and GeSUT4 (mean 46.137) were significantly higher than those of Gastrodia elata f. viridis Makino (24.172 and 16.255, respectively), and the relative expression levels of Gastrodia were further increased (65.324 and 54.365), and the expression levels continued to be high at all stages. Carbohydrate analysis showed that the soluble sugar content of Gastrodia elata f. glauca S.Chow was significantly superior, reaching 64.17mg/g in the rice hemp stage and 82.08mg/g in the white head hemp stage, which were higher than those of Gastrodia elata f. elata (29.17mg/g and 70.83mg/g) and Gastrodia elata f. viridis Makino (7.46mg/g and 25mg/g), while the sucrose content was relatively low (28.63mg/g for rice and 24.7mg/g for white hemp). The content of Gastrodia elata f. elata sugar was evenly distributed, and the metabolism of Gastrodia elata f. viridis Makino was inefficient. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that differential genes enrich glucose metabolism, and transcription factors that may regulate the GeSUT family were screened, and there was a significant correlation between key enzyme genes and GeSUT expression, highlighting that GeSUT regulates carbon allocation. There were significant differences in the protein characteristics encoded by the sucrose transport gene of Gastrodia, which showed differences in the line, developmental stage and tissue, but the spatiotemporal expression patterns converged. This study revealed the unique adaptive evolutionary characteristics of Gastrodia sucrose transport genes and the differences in glucose metabolism of strains, clarified the core differences between sucrose transport mechanisms of heterotrophic and autotrophic plants, and provided a theoretical basis for Gastrodia genetic breeding and cultivation.

Key words: Gastrodia elata, GeSUT gene family, Gene function, Carbohydrate, Transcriptomic analysis

宗秋义邹思雨唐丽帆熊明芬张春龙李鑫. 天麻蔗糖转运基因家族的鉴定及功能特性研究. 植物学报, DOI: 10.11983/CBB25187.

Zong QiuYi Zou SiYu Tang LiFan Xiong MingFen Zhang ChunLong Li Xin. Identification and Functional Characteristics of Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Gastrodia elata. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, DOI: 10.11983/CBB25187.

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