Abstract: Low-temperature stress is a critical abiotic limiting factor for the geographical distribution and yield of rice (Oryza sativa), while nitrogen is a fundamental element affecting normal crop growth and high productivity. Both factors significantly affect rice production; however, how cold tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency are coordinated, and the genetic basis of post‑cold recovery, remain poorly understood. A recent study by Academician Kang Chong’s team revealed that the R1‑type MYB transcription factor CHPO targets OsTCP19 and OsNRT2.4, thereby coupling the regulation of the “low‑temperature stress-nitrogen metabolism-tiller recovery” cascade. This study reveals the interconnections among post‑cold recovery, nitrogen use efficiency, and tiller regrowth, providing insightful perspectives for the formation of chilling resilience in rice and related breeding strategies. In light of this, this article provides a hotspot commentary on this cutting‑edge achievement. We review the research progress on rice cold tolerance, nitrogen‑mediated recovery after low‑temperature stress, and the regulation of tiller development. We analyze the innovations and current scientific limitations of this study, with a focus on the role of the CHPO regulatory module in stress response and developmental remodeling. This commentary aims to shift the focus of rice stress research from stress survival to post‑chilling recovery, and to propose new considerations for breeding varieties that combine superior cold tolerance, recovery capacity, and high nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: rice, chilling resilience, low-temperature stress, nitrogen use efficiency, tillering