Xyloglucan and the Advances in Its Roles in Plant Tolerance to Stresses

doi:10.11983/CBB20020

Abstract

Abstract: Xyloglucan (XyG) is a matrix polysaccharide present in the cell wall of all land plants. It is the most abundant hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of dicots (20%-25%, w/w). As a very important plant cell wall component, XyG is not only involved in plant growth and development, but also plays important roles in responses of plants to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The use of genes involved in XyG biosynthesis and degradation possibly improve the tolerance of plants to stresses through influencing the cell wall structure (remodelling) and compositions. In addition, XyG and XyG oligosaccharides likely act as signaling molecules or cooperate with other signaling molecules to induce plant resistance. Here, we review the structure and variety of XyG, the genes involved in XyG biosynthesis and degradation, and advances in potential roles of XyG and XyG-related genes in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Key words: hemicellulose, xyloglucan metabolism, biotic stress, abiotic stress, resistance

Yingyan Xiao, Weina Yuan, Jing Liu, Jian Meng, Qiming Sheng, Yehuan Tan, Chunxiang Xu. Xyloglucan and the Advances in Its Roles in Plant Tolerance to Stresses[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(6): 777-787.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB20020

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2020/V55/I6/777

Figures/Tables 1

Figure 1 Schematic of the biosynthesis and degradation of XLFG-type and XXGG-type xyloglucan (XyG) Enzymes involved in XyG biosynthesis are FUT (XyG: fucosyltransferase), GS (β-1,4-glucan synthase), MUR/XLT (XyG: galactosyltransferase), AXY4L/TBL22 and AXY4/TBL27 (XyG: acetyltransferases), XXT (XyG: xylosyltransferase), and XYBAT (XyG backbone acetyltransferase). Enzymes involved in XyG degradation are AE (acetylesterases), BGAL (β-galactosidase), FUC (α-fucosidase), XTH (XyG endotransglycosylase/hydrolases), and XYL (α-xylosidase). The corresponding one-letter codes from the XyG nomenclature have shown below the pictograms. G: Unsubstituted glucosyl residue of the backbone glucose of XyG; G: Backbone glucose of XyG carries an O-acetyl substituent; X: Xylosyl residue is attached to the glucan backbone of XyG at O-6; L: Galactosyl residue is attached to the xylosyl residue of X group at O-2; F: Fucosyl residue is attached to the galactosyl residue of L group at O-2, and galactosyl residue carries an O-acetyl substituent.

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