走出歌德的阴影: 迈向更加科学的植物系统学

doi:10.11983/CBB19093

植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 505-512.DOI: 10.11983/CBB19093 cstr: 32102.14.CBB19093

走出歌德的阴影: 迈向更加科学的植物系统学

王鑫^1,^*(),刘仲健^2,³,刘文哲⁴,廖文波⁵,张鑫⁶,刘忠⁷,胡光万^8,⁹,郭学民¹⁰,王亚玲¹¹

¹中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越中心, 南京地质古生物研究所, 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
²福建农林大学园林学院, 兰科植物保护与利用国家林草局重点实验室, 福州 350002
³福建农林大学林学院, 自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心, 福州 350002
⁴西北大学生命科学学院, 西安 710069
⁵中山大学生命科学学院, 国家生物防治重点实验室, 广东省植物资源重点实验室, 广州 510275
⁶西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西秦岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 杨凌 712100
⁷上海交通大学药学院, 上海 200240
⁸中国科学院武汉植物园, 中国科学院植物种质创新与特色农业重点实验室, 武汉 430074
⁹中国科学院中-非联合研究中心, 武汉 430074
¹⁰河北科技师范学院海洋资源与环境学院, 昌黎 066600
¹¹陕西省西安植物园, 西安 710061

收稿日期:2019-05-21 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2020-07-01 发布日期:2020-05-21
通讯作者: 王鑫
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);国家自然科学基金(41688103);国家自然科学基金(91514302);国家自然科学基金(41572046);陕西省归国留学博士科研启动基金(A279021830)

Stepping out of the Shadow of Goethe: for a More Scientific Plant Systematics

Xin Wang^1,^*(),Zhongjian Liu^2,³,Wenzhe Liu⁴,Wenbo Liao⁵,Xin Zhang⁶,Zhong Liu⁷,Guangwan Hu^8,⁹,Xuemin Guo¹⁰,Yaling Wang¹¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
²Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
³Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
⁴College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
⁵Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
⁶Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
⁷School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
⁸Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
⁹Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
¹⁰College of Marine Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Changli 066600, China
¹¹Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China

Received:2019-05-21 Accepted:2020-04-15 Online:2020-07-01 Published:2020-05-21
Contact: Xin Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统的植物学理论中, 被子植物雌蕊的基本单位心皮被认为是变态的叶(即大孢子叶)通过纵向对折和内卷演化而来。该理论造成了被子植物和裸子植物之间不可逾越的鸿沟。近年来提出的一统理论认为被子植物的心皮由长胚珠的枝和包裹这个枝的叶共同组成, 从而弥合了被子植物与裸子植物之间的鸿沟。最近, 当代植物学界两大权威人物Peter R. Crane和Peter K. Endress分别撰文, 发表了不同于传统理论的观点。Endress认为, 心皮由胚珠和叶性器官组成; 而Crane认为, 所有的胚珠都长在枝上。结合二者的结论, 不难得出“心皮实际上等同于一个长胚珠的枝加上一个叶”的论断。这在某种意义上等于认同了一统理论的观点。两位权威人物观点的转变预示着植物学理论将很快发生根本性的转变。该文向国内植物学同行通报这一最新动态, 以期让我国学者能够了解最新理论。

关键词: 演化, 歌德, 被子植物, 植物系统学

Abstract: According to the Traditional Theory, a carpel (basic unit of angiosperm gynoecium) is derived from a modified leaf or megasporophyll through longitudinal folding and inward enrolling. Unfortunately, this theory introduces an unnegotiable gap between angiosperms and gymnosperms. Different from the Traditional Theory, the Unifying Theory provides a link bridging the gap mentioned above—an angiosperm carpel is derived from the synorganization between an ovule-bearing branch and an enclosing leaf. Recently two papers authored by leading botanists, Peter R. Crane and Peter K. Endress, respectively, expressed their opinions different from the Traditional Theory of angiosperm evolution. Endress stated that a carpel is result of synorganization between foliar part(s) plus ovule(s); and Crane stated that ovules/seeds are borne on the termini of branches. Combining the two, it is easy to infer that a carpel is equivalent to a foliar part plus an ovuliferous branch, a conclusion in line with the core conception of the Unifying Theory. The subtle changes in perspectives of these two leading botanists imply that there will be a major paradigm shift in botany soon. In order to make our botanists aware of the coming-soon changes in plant evolution theory, we summarize the latest progresses in relevant areas.

Key words: evolution, Goethe, angiosperms, plant systematics

王鑫,刘仲健,刘文哲,廖文波,张鑫,刘忠,胡光万,郭学民,王亚玲. 走出歌德的阴影: 迈向更加科学的植物系统学. 植物学报, 2020, 55(4): 505-512.

Xin Wang,Zhongjian Liu,Wenzhe Liu,Wenbo Liao,Xin Zhang,Zhong Liu,Guangwan Hu,Xuemin Guo,Yaling Wang. Stepping out of the Shadow of Goethe: for a More Scientific Plant Systematics. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(4): 505-512.

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走出歌德的阴影: 迈向更加科学的植物系统学

Stepping out of the Shadow of Goethe: for a More Scientific Plant Systematics

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