成花素FT：环境感知与发育调控的信号枢纽

doi:10.11983/CBB25203

植物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 0-0.DOI: 10.11983/CBB25203

• 热点评述 • 下一篇

成花素FT：环境感知与发育调控的信号枢纽

牛钰凡, 陈玲玲, 苏晨^*, 王雷^*

中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2025-11-12 修回日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2025-11-14
通讯作者: 苏晨, 王雷
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(No.32430079, No.32370307)

Florigen FT: A Signaling Hub Connecting Environmental Cues and Developmental Regulation

Yufan Niu, Lingling Chen, Chen Su^*, Lei Wang^*

Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2025-11-12 Revised:2025-11-12 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2025-11-14
Contact: Chen Su, Lei Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T)是一种由叶片合成并可向顶端分生组织移动的信号蛋白, 作为成花素在开花诱导与发育转变中发挥核心作用。近年来, 围绕FT合成、运输以及成花素激活复合体(FAC)的组装和调控机制等方面的研究取得了重要进展, 为理解植物发育调控网络奠定了坚实基础。近日, 一项最新研究整合了蛋白-DNA互作、液-液相分离及发育时空表达等多重调控机制, 将传统的静态FAC模型拓展为动态、多层次的组装模型, 为理解植物如何整合环境信号以调控生殖发育提供了新的分子视角。鉴于此, 本文系统梳理了有关FT与FAC的研究进展和当前亟待解决的关键问题, 并展望了未来的发展方向, 以期为深入解析植物发育调控机制以及作物育种应用提供新思路。

关键词: 成花素FT, 成花素激活复合体, 开花时间, 植物发育调控

Abstract: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a signaling protein synthesized in leaves and transported to the shoot apical meristem, where it functions as florigen, a key inducer of flowering and developmental transitions. Substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying FT synthesis, transport, and the assembly and regulation of the florigen activation complex (FAC), providing a solid foundation for understanding plant developmental regulatory networks. Recently, a study integrated multiple regulatory layers, including protein-DNA interactions, liquid-liquid phase separation, and spatiotemporal expression patterns, thereby extending the traditional static FAC model into a dynamic and multilayered assembly framework. This work offers new molecular insights into how plants integrate environmental cues to regulate reproductive development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in FT and FAC research, highlight key outstanding questions, and discuss future directions, aiming to provide fresh perspectives for elucidating plant developmental regulation and for potential applications in crop improvement.

Key words: florigen FT, florigen activation complex (FAC), flowering time, plant developmental regulation

牛钰凡, 陈玲玲, 苏晨, 王雷. 成花素FT：环境感知与发育调控的信号枢纽. 植物学报, 2025, 61(1): 0-0.

Yufan Niu, Lingling Chen, Chen Su, Lei Wang. Florigen FT: A Signaling Hub Connecting Environmental Cues and Developmental Regulation. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 61(1): 0-0.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB25203

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2025/V61/I1/0

参考文献

[1]Abe M, Kaya H, Watanabe-Taneda A, Shibuta M, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto T, Kurata T, Ausin I, Araki T, Alonso-Blanco C(2015).FE,a phloem-specific Myb-related protein,promotes flowering through transcriptional activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T and FLOWERING LOCUS T INTERACTING PROTEIN 1.Plant J, 83:1059-1068. [2]Abe M, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S, Daimon Y, Yamaguchi A, Ikeda Y, Ichinoki H, Notaguchi M, Goto K, Araki T(2005).FD,a bZIP protein mediating signals from the floral pathway integrator FT at the shoot apex.Science, 309:1052-1056. [3]Abe M, Kosaka S, Shibuta M, Nagata K, Uemura T, Nakano A, Kaya H(2019).Transient activity of the florigen complex during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana..Development (Cambridge, England), 146:dev171504-dev171504. [4]Ahn JH, Miller D, Winter VJ, Banfield MJ, Lee JH, Yoo SY, Henz SR, Brady RL, Weigel D(2006).A divergent external loop confers antagonistic activity on floral regulators FT and TFL1.EMBO J, 25:605-614. [5]Cao S, Kumimoto RW, Gnesutta N, Calogero AM, Mantovani R, Holt BF, 3rd(2014).A distal CCAATNUCLEAR FACTOR Y complex promotes chromatin looping at the FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter and regulates the timing of flowering in Arabidopsis.Plant Cell, 26:1009-1017. [6]Chen M, MacGregor DR, Dave A, Florance H, Moore K, Paszkiewicz K, Smirnoff N, Graham IA, Penfield S(2014).Maternal temperature history activates Flowering Locus T in fruits to control progeny dormancy according to time of year.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111:18787-18792. [7]Collani S, Neumann M, Yant L, Schmid M(2019).FT Modulates Genome-Wide DNA-Binding of the bZIP Transcription Factor FD.Plant physiology, 180:367-380. [8]Corbesier L, Vincent C, Jang S, Fornara F, Fan Q, Searle I, Giakountis A, Farrona S, Gissot L, Turnbull C, Coupland G(2007).FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis.Science, 316:1030-1033. [9]Endo M, Yoshida M, Sasaki Y, Negishi K, Horikawa K, Daimon Y, Kurotani KI, Notaguchi M, Abe M, Araki T(2018).Re-Evaluation of Florigen Transport Kinetics with Separation of Functions by Mutations That Uncouple Flowering Initiation and Long-Distance Transport.Plant Cell Physiol, 59:1621-1629. [10]Hanano S, Goto K(2011).Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1 is involved in the regulation of flowering time and inflorescence development through transcriptional repression.Plant Cell, 23:3172-3184. [11]Hsu CY, Adams JP, Kim H, No K, Ma C, Strauss SH, Drnevich J, Vandervelde L, Ellis JD, Rice BM, Wickett N, Gunter LE, Tuskan GA, Brunner AM, Page GP, Barakat A, Carlson JE, DePamphilis CW, Luthe DS, Yuceer C(2011).FLOWERING LOCUS T duplication coordinates reproductive and vegetative growth in perennial poplar.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108:10756-10761. [12]Jaeger KE, Wigge PA(2007).FT protein acts as a long-range signal in Arabidopsis.Curr Biol, 17:1050-1054. [13]Kaneko-Suzuki M, Kurihara-Ishikawa R, Okushita-Terakawa C, Kojima C, Nagano-Fujiwara M, Ohki I, Tsuji H, Shimamoto K, Taoka KI(2018).TFL1-Like Proteins in Rice Antagonize Rice FT-Like Protein in Inflorescence Development by Competition for Complex Formation with 14-3-3 and FD.Plant Cell Physiol, 59:458-468. [14]Kobayashi Y, Kaya H, Goto K, Iwabuchi M, Araki T(1999).A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals.Science, 286:1960-1962. [15]Komiya R, Ikegami A, Tamaki S, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K(2008).Hd3a and RFT1 are essential for flowering in rice.Development, 135:767-774. [16]Komiya R, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K(2009).A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice.Development (Cambridge, England), 136:3443-3450. [17]Lifschitz E, Ayre BG, Eshed Y(2014).Florigen and anti-florigen - a systemic mechanism for coordinating growth and termination in flowering plants..Front Plant Sci, 5:465-465. [18]Lifschitz E, Eviatar T, Rozman A, Shalit A, Goldshmidt A, Amsellem Z, Alvarez JP, Eshed Y(2006).The tomato FT ortholog triggers systemic signals that regulate growth and flowering and substitute for diverse environmental stimuli.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103:6398-6403. [19]Lin MK, Belanger H, Lee YJ, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Taoka K, Miura E, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Gendler K, Jorgensen RA, Phinney B, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ(2007).FLOWERING LOCUS T protein may act as the long-distance florigenic signal in the cucurbits.Plant Cell, 19:1488-1506. [20]Liu L, Li C, Teo ZWN, Zhang B, Yu H(2019).The MCTP-SNARE Complex Regulates Florigen Transport in Arabidopsis.Plant Cell, 31:2475-2490. [21]Liu L, Liu C, Hou X, Xi W, Shen L, Tao Z, Wang Y, Yu H(2012).FTIP1 is an essential regulator required for florigen transport..PLoS Bio, 10:e1001313-e1001313. [22]Lough TJ, Lucas WJ(2006).Integrative plant biology: role of phloem long-distance macromolecular trafficking.Annu Rev Plant Biol, 57:203-232. [23]Nadal Bigas J, Fiers M, van der Wal F, Willems LAJ, Willemsen V, Nijveen H, Angenent GC, Immink RGH(2025).The PEBP genes FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 modulate seed dormancy and size.J Exp Bot, 76:1049-1067. [24]Notaguchi M, Abe M, Kimura T, Daimon Y, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi A, Tomita Y, Dohi K, Mori M, Araki T(2008).Long-distance,graft-transmissible action of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T protein to promote flowering.Plant Cell Physiol, 49:1645-1658. [25]Plantenga FDM, Bergonzi S, Abelenda JA, Bachem CWB, Visser RGF, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM(2019).The tuberization signal StSP6A represses flower bud development in potato.J Exp Bot, 70:937-948. [26]Purwestri YA, Ogaki Y, Tamaki S, Tsuji H, Shimamoto K(2009).The 14-3-3 protein GF14c acts as a negative regulator of flowering in rice by interacting with the florigen Hd3a.Plant & cell physiology, 50:429-438. [27]Shalit-Kaneh A, Eviatar-Ribak T, Horev G, Suss N, Aloni R, Eshed Y, Lifschitz E(2019).The flowering hormone florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis to harmonize vascular maturation with reproductive development.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 116:16127-16136. [28]Sheng X, Hsu CY, Ma C, Brunner AM(2022).Functional Diversification of Populus FLOWERING LOCUS D-LIKE3 Transcription Factor and Two Paralogs in Shoot Ontogeny, Flowering, and Vegetative Phenology..Front Plant Sci, 13:805101-805101. [29]Tamaki S, Matsuo S, Wong HL, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K(2007).Hd3a protein is a mobile flowering signal in rice.Science, 316:1033-1036. [30]Taoka K, Ohki I, Tsuji H, Furuita K, Hayashi K, Yanase T, Yamaguchi M, Nakashima C, Purwestri YA, Tamaki S, Ogaki Y, Shimada C, Nakagawa A, Kojima C, Shimamoto K(2011).proteins act as intracellular receptors for rice Hd3a florigen.Nature, 476:332-335. [31]Taoka K, Ohki I, Tsuji H, Kojima C, Shimamoto K(2013).Structure and function of florigen and the receptor complex.Trends in plant science, 18:287-294. [32]Teo CJ, Takahashi K, Shimizu K, Shimamoto K, Taoka KI(2017).Potato Tuber Induction is Regulated by Interactions Between Components of a Tuberigen Complex.Plant Cell Physiol, 58:365-374. [33]Tiwari SB, Shen Y, Chang HC, Hou Y, Harris A, Ma SF, McPartland M, Hymus GJ, Adam L, Marion C, Belachew A, Repetti PP, Reuber TL, Ratcliffe OJ(2010).The flowering time regulator CONSTANS is recruited to the FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter via a unique cis-element.New Phytol, 187:57-66. [34]Wigge PA, Kim MC, Jaeger KE, Busch W, Schmid M, Lohmann JU, Weigel D(2005).Integration of spatial and temporal information during floral induction in Arabidopsis.Science (New York, NY), 309:1056-1059. [35]Zhu Y, Liu L, Shen L, Yu H(2016).NaKR1 regulates long-distance movement of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis..Nat Plants, 2:16075-16075.

成花素FT：环境感知与发育调控的信号枢纽

Florigen FT: A Signaling Hub Connecting Environmental Cues and Developmental Regulation

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 4

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	杨继轩, 王雪霏, 顾红雅. 西藏野生拟南芥开花时间变异的遗传基础[J]. 植物学报, 2024, 59(3): 373-382.
[2]	张长生, 魏滔, 周玉萍, 范甜, 吕天晓, 田长恩. FLC调控植物成花的分子机制研究新进展[J]. 植物学报, 2021, 56(6): 651-663.
[3]	张艺能, 周玉萍, 陈琼华, 黄小玲, 田长恩. 拟南芥开花时间调控的分子基础[J]. 植物学报, 2014, 49(4): 469-482.
[4]	罗睿*;郭建军. 植物开花时间: 自然变异与遗传分化[J]. 植物学报, 2010, 45(01): 109-118.