丛枝菌根真菌效应蛋白研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB25079

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)能与约80%的陆生植物形成共生关系, 其通过根内独特的丛枝结构与宿主细胞紧密接触, 建立双向养分交换界面。这种互惠机制不仅增强了植物抗逆性, 还重塑了生态系统养分循环。与病原真菌类似, AMF的细胞壁也主要由几丁质和β-葡聚糖组成, 这些都是诱导宿主植物免疫反应的主要模式分子。菌根真菌如何有效的躲避宿主植物免疫反应目前尚不清晰, 但病原真菌分泌的效应蛋白被发现对抑制植物免疫反应具有重要作用。在丛枝菌根共生过程中, 大量效应蛋白被诱导表达, 这些效应蛋白可能也会抑制植物的免疫反应, 促进菌根真菌对宿主植物的侵染过程。本文对AMF效应蛋白的研究现状进行了阐述和总结, 并展望了未来研究方向与挑战。对效应蛋白的研究有助于阐明AMF对共生过程建立和维持的调控机理, 加深对互作双方的全面了解, 选育具有最适共生效率的菌株和植物品种, 促进农业可持续发展。

关键词: 效应蛋白, 菌根共生, 免疫反应, 丛枝菌根真菌, 植物-真菌互作

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbiotic relationships with approximately 80% of terrestrial plants. Through their unique arbuscular structures within roots, they establish close contact with host cells to create a bidirectional nutrient exchange interface. This mutualistic mechanism not only enhances plant stress resistance but also reshapes ecosystem nutrient cycling. Like pathogenic fungi, the cell walls of AMF are primarily composed of chitin and β-glucans, which are key molecular patterns capable of triggering host plant immune responses. How AMF effectively evades host plant immunity remains unclear. Effector proteins secreted by pathogenic fungi have been found to play a crucial role in suppressing plant immune responses. During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, numerous effector proteins are also induced, which may similarly inhibit plant immunity and facilitate fungal colonization. This article reviewed and summarized current research on AMF effector proteins and discussed the future research directions and challenges. Studying effector proteins will help elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of AMF symbiosis, deepen our understanding of host-fungal interactions, and aid in selecting optimal fungal strains and plant varieties for enhanced symbiotic efficiency, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural development.

Key words: Effectors, mycorrhizal symbiosis, defense response, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant-fungi interaction

张月璇, 王鹏. 丛枝菌根真菌效应蛋白研究进展. 植物学报, 2026, 61(3): 519-528.

Yuexuan Zhang, Peng Wang. Research Progress on Effectors of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2026, 61(3): 519-528.

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https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2026/V61/I3/519

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