木本植物性别决定基因研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB20123

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 雌雄异株植物是研究性别决定遗传机制及性染色体起源与进化的理想材料, 而克隆性别决定基因是解析性别决定遗传机制的关键。木本植物中有丰富的雌雄异株植物, 且包括2种相反的性别决定系统: XY型(雌株为同配型的XX, 雄株为异配型的XY)和ZW型(雌株为异配型的ZW, 雄株为同配型的ZZ)。此外, 不同性别植株的经济价值也有所不同。在木本植物中开展性别决定机制研究不仅具有重要的理论意义, 还具有较高的生产应用价值。随着大规模基因测序技术的快速发展, 越来越多的木本植物性别决定基因被鉴定和克隆, 为解析雌雄异株植物性别决定机制和性染色体的演化过程提供了有力的实验证据。该文详细总结了近年来木本植物性别决定基因研究的重要进展, 并展望了未来的研究方向及发展趋势。

关键词: 雌雄异株, 木本植物, 性别决定系统, 性别决定基因, 基因克隆

Abstract: Dioecious plants provide ideal materials for studying the sex determination mechanisms and the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes. Cloning of sex determination genes is crucial for revealing the sex-determination mechanism. There are many woody dioecious plant species, which contain two opposite sex determination systems: XY (females are homogametic XX and males are heterogametic XY) and ZW (females are heterogametic ZW and males are homogametic ZZ). Besides, trees of different sexes may have different economic values. Studies on the sex determination of woody plants not only have theoretical significances, but also have potential practical applications. With the development of large-scale sequencing technology, more and more sex determination genes of woody plants have been identified and cloned, which provides strong experimental evidence for the evolutionary history of dioecious plants and sex chromosomes. In this review, we summarized the important research progress on sex determination genes of woody plants, and discussed some future perspectives in this area.

Key words: dioecy, woody plant, sex determination system, sex determination gene, gene cloning

陆静, 陈赢男, 尹佟明. 木本植物性别决定基因研究进展. 植物学报, 2021, 56(1): 90-103.

Jing Lu, Yingnan Chen, Tongming Yin. Research Progress on Sex Determination Genes of Woody Plants. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2021, 56(1): 90-103.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB20123

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2021/V56/I1/90

图/表 2

图1 已确定性别决定系统的杨柳科植物谱系树文献来源: 蒿柳(Pucholt et al., 2015)、红皮柳(Carlson et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2018, 2020)、簸箕柳(Chen et al., 2016)、三蕊柳(Li et al., 2020)、黑柳(Sanderson et al., 2020)、美洲黑杨(Geraldes et al., 2015; Xue et al., 2020)、毛果杨(Yin et al., 2008; Geraldes et al., 2015)、香脂杨(Geraldes et al., 2015)、欧洲黑杨(Gaudet et al., 2008; Geraldes et al., 2015)、银白杨(Paolucci et al., 2010; Sabatti et al., 2020)、美洲山杨(Pakull et al., 2009, 2011; Kersten et al., 2014)、欧洲山杨(Pakull et al., 2009, 2011; Kersten et al., 2014; Sabatti et al., 2020)、山杨(Xue et al., 2020)及胡杨(Yang et al., 2020)

Figure 1 The phylogenetic tree of Salicaceae species with known sex determination system Sources of references: Salix viminalis (Pucholt et al., 2015), S. purpurea (Carlson et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2018, 2020), S. suchowensis (Chen et al., 2016), S. triandra (Li et al., 2020), S. nigra (Sanderson et al., 2020), Populus deltoides (Geraldes et al., 2015; Xue et al., 2020), P. trichocarpa (Yin et al., 2008; Geraldes et al., 2015), P. balsamifera (Geraldes et al., 2015), P. nigra (Gaudet et al., 2008; Geraldes et al., 2015), P. alba (Paolucci et al., 2010; Sabatti et al., 2020), P. tremuloides (Pakull et al., 2009, 2011; Kersten et al., 2014), P. tremula (Pakull et al., 2009, 2011; Kersten et al., 2014; Sabatti et al., 2020), P. davidiana (Xue et al., 2020), and P. euphratica (Yang et al., 2020) Sources of references: Salix viminalis (Pucholt et al., 2015), S. purpurea (Carlson et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2018, 2020), S. suchowensis (Chen et al., 2016), S. triandra (Li et al., 2020), S. nigra (Sanderson et al., 2020), Populus deltoides (Geraldes et al., 2015; Xue et al., 2020), P. trichocarpa (Yin et al., 2008; Geraldes et al., 2015), P. balsamifera (Geraldes et al., 2015), P. nigra (Gaudet et al., 2008; Geraldes et al., 2015), P. alba (Paolucci et al., 2010; Sabatti et al., 2020), P. tremuloides (Pakull et al., 2009, 2011; Kersten et al., 2014), P. tremula (Pakull et al., 2009, 2011; Kersten et al., 2014; Sabatti et al., 2020), P. davidiana (Xue et al., 2020), and P. euphratica (Yang et al., 2020)

表1 目前已鉴定的木本植物性别决定基因

Table 1 The sex determination genes identified in woody plants

类型	种名	性别决定系统	性别决定基因	基因注释	在性别分化中的作用	参考文献
隐性雌雄异株(I型单性花)	君迁子(Diospyros lotus)	XY	OGI	Y染色体特异的21 bp小RNA	雄株中抑制雌蕊发育	Akagi et al., 2014
	猕猴桃(Actinidia spp.)	XY	SyGI	Type-C类型细胞分裂素响应调节因子	雄株中抑制雌蕊发育	Akagi et al., 2018
	猕猴桃(Actinidia spp.)	XY	FrBy	类成束阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白(fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, FLAs)是一类广泛分布于植物体内的富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白	雄株中激活雄蕊发育	Akagi et al., 2019
	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	XY	APT3/APRT3	腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶	推测在雄株抑制心皮发育	Fechter et al., 2012; Coito et al., 2017
	葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	XY	INP1	功能未知蛋白	推测与花粉萌发孔发育相关	Massonnet et al., 2020
	番木瓜(Carica papaya)	XY	CpSVP	MADS-box转录因子	功能未知	Urasaki et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2018
			CpSERK	体细胞胚发生相关类受体蛋白激酶
			CpCAF1AL	组蛋白伴侣, 染色质组装因子
	椰枣 (Phoenix dactylifera)	XY	CYP703	细胞色素蛋白	推测促进雄蕊发育	Torres et al., 2018
			GPAT3	甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶	推测促进雄蕊发育
			LOG-like	细胞分裂素激活酶	推测抑制雌蕊发育
完全雌雄异株(II型单性花)	美洲黑杨 (Populus deltoides)	XY	FERR-R	Y染色体特异小RNA	抑制雌蕊发育	Xue et al., 2020
	美洲黑杨 (Populus deltoides)	XY	MSL	Y染色体特异lncRNA	促进雄蕊发育	Xue et al., 2020
	毛果杨(P. trichocarpa)	XY	ARR17	Type-A类型细胞分裂素响应调节因子	促进雌蕊发育	Müller et al., 2020
	欧洲山杨(P. tremula)	XY	ARR17	Type-A类型细胞分裂素响应调节因子		Müller et al., 2020
	胡杨(P. euphratica)	XY	RR	Type-A类型细胞分裂素响应调节因子		Yang et al., 2020

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