植物学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (01): 79-87.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2010.01.011

• 技术方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

栽培甜菜卵细胞、合子及二细胞原胚的超微结构

李伟1, 申家恒1*, 郭德栋2, 尚娅佳1, 陆俊萍1   

  1. 1哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院, 哈尔滨 150025; 2黑龙江大学生命科学学院, 哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2008-11-26 修回日期:2009-03-20 出版日期:2010-01-01 发布日期:2010-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 申家恒

Ultrastructural Changes of Egg, Zygote and Two-celled Proembryoin Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)

Wei Li1, Jiaheng Shen1*, Dedong Guo2, Yajia Shang1, Junping Lu1   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025;
    2College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
  • Received:2008-11-26 Revised:2009-03-20 Online:2010-01-01 Published:2010-01-01
  • Contact: Jiaheng Shen

摘要:

为丰富被子植物生殖生物学资料, 并为甜菜相关研究提供参考, 应用透射电镜技术研究栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris)卵细胞、合子和二细胞原胚的超微结构特征。结果如下:在成熟卵细胞中多聚核糖体数量不多, 且细胞代谢活性较弱; 初期合子内, 核仁大量合成核糖体前体物质, 胞质中多聚核糖体数目众多, 细胞代谢活性较强; 休眠期合子的核仁变小, 胞质中核糖体数量急剧减少, 仅有少量多聚核糖体, 细胞代谢活性较弱; 合子分裂前期和二细胞原胚期, 核仁显著, 胞质中核糖体的密度增加, 出现大量多聚核糖体, 细胞代谢活性较强。根据上述结果可以得出, 栽培甜菜从卵细胞成熟→合子初期→合子休眠期→合子分裂前期→二细胞原胚的超微结构变化中多聚核糖体的变化最为显著, 表现为“少→多→少→多”的数量变化过程, 反映出细胞代谢状态也经历了“弱→强→弱→强”的变化过程, 这种变化趋势与配子体世代向孢子体世代转变有关。

Abstract:

We used transmission electron microscopy to study the ultrastructural changes in egg cell, zygote and two-celled proembryo of Beta vulgaris to provide information on the reproductive biology of angiosperms and related research into sugar beet. The mature egg cell was an inactive cell with only a few polysomes. At the early zygote stage, a large number of ribosomal precursors were produced by the nucleolus, and many polysomes appeared in the cytoplasm, which suggests a high level of metabolism. Zygote at the dormancy stage had a small nucleolus and marked decrease in ribosomes, as shown by a few polysomes, which suggests decreased metabolism. Zygotes in the prophase of mitosis and two-celled proembryo became active again in metabolism, for a prominent nucleolus, high density of ribosomes and increased number of polysomes in the cytoplasm. Polysomes change in number as “few-many-few-many” during the development of the egg, early zygote stage, zygote at dormancy, zygote in prophase of mitosis and two-celled proembryo in sugar beet, which indicates that such changes in metabolism as “low-high-low-high” activity may relate to the transformation from gametophyte to sporophyte generation.