工程纳米材料调控植物生长和抗逆性的机理研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB25124

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 工程纳米材料凭借其独特的结构属性及电化学性质越来越受到农林领域的关注，被广泛应用于促进植物体生长发育，提高作物产量及增强幼苗抗逆性等方面。为全面了解工程纳米材料对植物生长及其抗逆性的影响和调控机制，本文综述了常用的工程纳米材料（主要包括碳基、金属基、金属氧化物和量子点）进入植物体的途径及其在植物体内“向上向下”运输的方式，以及随后在植物体各个生长阶段、组织部位和生理过程中产生的不同作用效果。同时，本研究还探讨了在不同胁迫环境（干旱、盐渍化、重金属离子富集）下应用工程纳米材料对农作物或植物产生的影响，特别是诱导其产生抗逆性的机理。这一研究开发了纳米材料在非生物胁迫下的应用潜力，有利于更加深入地了解纳米材料在农林生产中的应用。本文阐明了工程纳米材料作为新兴技术在农林领域发展的必要性和潜力，为之后的应用拓展提供参考依据。

关键词: 工程纳米材料, 植物生长发育, 抗逆机制, 运输方式

Abstract: Engineering nanomaterials （ENMs）have garnered significant attention in agriculture and forestry due to their unique structural and electrochemical properties. Their extensive application has demonstrated effectiveness in promoting plant growth, increasing crop yields, and enhancing seedling stress resistance. To comprehensively elucidate the mechanism underlying ENMs impact on plant growth and stress resilience, this review synthesizes current knowledge on the primary pathways through which common ENMs (including carbon-based, metal-based, metal oxides, and quantum dots nanomaterials) enter plant systems and undergo bidirectional transport (upward and downward) within plants. It further examines their diverse effects across different plant developmental stages, tissue locations, and physiological processes. Concurrently, the review explores the mechanism by which ENMs enhance plant stress resistance under various abiotic stress conditions (drought, salinity, heavy metal contamination). This analysis clarifies both the necessity and the considerable potential of ENMs as an emerging technology for sustainable agriculture and forestry, offering a foundation for future applications.

Key words: engineering nanomaterials, plant growth, stress resistance mechanisms, transportation methods

韩文昊王延平. 工程纳米材料调控植物生长和抗逆性的机理研究进展. 植物学报, DOI: 10.11983/CBB25124.

Wenhao Han Yan-Ping Wang. Research Advances in Engineering Nanomaterials for Regulating Plant Growth and Inducing Stress Resistance. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, DOI: 10.11983/CBB25124.

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