Potassium Nutrient Status-mediated Leaf Growth of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) and Its Effect on Phyllosphere Microorganism

doi:10.11983/CBB23076

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate the effect of potassium (K) nutrition on leaf growth and phyllosphere microbial community in oilseed rape (Brassica napus), a field experiment with three K fertilizer application rates (0, 30, and 180 kg K₂O∙hm^‒2), referred to as K0 (deficient K), K30 (insufficient K), and K180 (sufficient K), was conducted. Typical leaves were selected to measure the phenotypic parameters during the seedling stage. The composition of the phyllosphere microbial community was determined using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S RNA gene. The main findings revealed K fertilization significantly affected leaf K content. Compared to the K0 treatment, the K content increased by 66.7% and 158.3% for the K30 and K180 treatment, respectively. Significant differences in the structure and components of oilseed rape leaves were observed under different K nutritional conditions. Leaf K content exhibited a significant positive correlation with leaf area, and content of soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, and starch, while it showed a significant negative correlation with leaf stomatal density. K fertilization had a remarkable impact on the diversity of phyllosphere microbial community. K fertilization led to a significant increase in the diversity index, while no significant difference was observed between the K30 and K180 treatments. However, the K30 treatment displayed greater dispersion in terms of community β-diversity compared to the K180 treatment. K deficiency increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, resulting in an obvious enrichment of Xanthomonadaceae. The application of K fertilizer simplified the bacterial co-occurrence network but increased the interaction between high-abundance species and other species. A comprehensive analysis of leaf phenotypic parameters and phyllosphere bacterial communities revealed that leaf sugar components (soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, and starch), dry matter weight, and leaf area were the key factors influencing the phyllosphere bacterial communities and dominant species. In conclusion, K fertilizer application influenced the material compositions of oilseed rape leaves and regulated the microbial community structure. The establishment of "homeostasis" within phyllosphere microbial communities by maintaining sufficient leaf K nutrition status might serve as a potential pathway for enhancing crop biological stress resistance.

Key words: K nutrition, oilseed rape (Brassica napus), phyllosphere microorganism, stomatal density, sucrose

Yi Song, Hanghang Chen, Xin Cui, Zhifeng Lu, Shipeng Liao, Yangyang Zhang, Xiaokun Li, Rihuan Cong, Tao Ren, Jianwei Lu. Potassium Nutrient Status-mediated Leaf Growth of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) and Its Effect on Phyllosphere Microorganism[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(1): 54-65.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB23076

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2024/V59/I1/54

Figures/Tables 8

Figure 1 Phenotypic characteristics of oilseed rape seedling leaves under different K fertilizer applications Bar=5 cm

Table 1 The phenotypic traits and biochemical parameters of oilseed rape leaves with different K nutrient status

Treatments	K content (%)	Dry matter weight (g)	Leaf area (cm²)	Specific leaf weight (mg∙cm^‒2)	Waxy content (µg∙cm^‒2)	Stomatal density (numbers∙cm^‒2)	Active protein content (%)	Soluble sugar content (%)	Saccharose content (%)	Fructose content (%)	Starch content (%)
K0	0.35 c	1.09 b	335 b	4.2 a	223 ab	1630 a	14.6 a	8.9 c	4.3 b	5.1 c	16.3 b
K30	0.61 b	1.33 b	382 b	4.4 a	306 a	1449 a	14.5 a	15.9 b	7.3 a	10.9 b	20.6 b
K180	0.92 a	1.86 a	508 a	4.4 a	188 b	970 b	16.3 a	20.3 a	9.4 a	14.2 a	25.9 a

Figure 2 Correlation between leaf phenotypic traits and biochemical parameters under different K nutrient status *, ** and *** indicate significant differences at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively.

Figure 3 Diversity of phyllospheric bacterial communities in oilseed rape under different K nutrient status (A) Pielou_evenness, Richness and Shannon diversity indices of phyllospheric bacterial communities (different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05)); (B) β-diversity of phyllospheric bacterial communities; (C) Distribution of phyllospheric microbial communities Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). NMDS: Evaluation of rank information for distance values; K0, K30, and K180 are the same as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 Phyllospheric microbial composition in leaves of oilseed rape under different K nutrient status (A) Phyllospheric microbial composition of oilseed rape at phylum level; (B) Distribution of species at the taxonomic level of families under different K nutrient status (circles and font sizes are mapped based on relative abundance, colored by phylum taxonomic level). K0, K30, and K180 are the same as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 5 Phyllospheric microbial co-occurrence network and node and node relative abundance relationships for different K nutrient status K0, K30, and K180 are the same as shown in Figure 1.

Table 2 Phyllospheric microbial co-occurrence network parameters for different K nutrient status

Treatments	Nodes	Edges	Network density	Modularity
K0	100	789	0.159	0.650
K30	138	390	0.041	0.912
K180	174	536	0.036	0.915

Figure 6 Relationship between leaf traits and phyllospheric microbial composition in oilseed rape under different K nutrient status (A) Mental relationship between leaf phenotypic nutrition and phyllospheric microbial community structure (* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001); (B) RDA analysis under different potassium nutrient conditions; (C) Correlation analysis between dominant species and leaf phenotypic traits; (D) Relative contributions of leaf structure and leaf fractions to phyllospheric microbial community changes in oilseed rape. CCA: The most important components affect changes in the phyllospheric microbial community; K0, K30, and K180 are the same as shown in Figure 1.

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